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This book has been defined around three important issues: the first sheds light on how people, in various philosophical, religious, and political contexts, understand the natural environment, and how the relationship between the environment and the body is perceived; the second focuses on the perceptions that a particular natural environment is good or bad for human health and examines the reasons behind such characterizations ; the third examines the promotion, in history, of specific practices to take advantage of the health benefits, or avoid the harm, caused by certain environments and also efforts made to change environments supposed to be harmful to human health. The feeling and/or the observation that the natural environment can have effects on human health have been, and are still commonly shared throughout the world. This led us to raise the issue of the links observed and believed to exist between human beings and the natural environment in a broad chronological and geographical framework. In this investigation, we bring the reader from ancient and late imperial China to the medieval Arab world up to medieval, modern, and contemporary Europe. This book does not examine these relationships through the prism of the knowledge of our modern contemporary European experience, which, still too often, leads to the feeling of totally different worlds. Rather, it questions protagonists who, in different times and in different places, have reflected, on their own terms, on the links between environment and health and tries to obtain a better understanding of why these links took the form they did in these precise contexts. This book targets an academic readership as well as an “informed audience”, for whom present issues of environment and health can be nourished by the reflections of the past.

Environmental health. --- Environmental quality --- Health --- Health ecology --- Public health --- Environmental engineering --- Health risk assessment --- Health aspects --- Environmental aspects --- History. --- World history. --- Philosophy and science. --- Medicine—History. --- Regional planning. --- Urban planning. --- History of Science. --- World History, Global and Transnational History. --- Philosophy of Science. --- History of Medicine. --- Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning. --- Cities and towns --- City planning --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Land use --- Planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Regional planning --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Regional development --- State planning --- Human settlements --- Landscape protection --- Science and philosophy --- Science --- Universal history --- History --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Government policy --- Management

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Originally published in French, this updated and expanded English translation offers a definitive treatment on clays and effects on human health including the long history of clays used as pharmaceutical and therapeutic agents, the origins of clays, their structural properties and modes of action.

Earth sciences. --- Pharmaceutical technology. --- Mineralogy. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Complementary medicine. --- Medicine --- Materials science. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Complementary & Alternative Medicine. --- History of Medicine. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology. --- History. --- Clay --- Therapeutic use. --- Alternative medicine. --- Medicine. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Pharmaceutical laboratory techniques --- Pharmaceutical laboratory technology --- Technology, Pharmaceutical --- Technology --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Physical geology --- Crystallography --- Minerals --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Complementary medicine --- Healing systems --- Systems, Healing --- Systems, Therapeutic --- Therapeutic systems --- Integrative medicine --- Medicine—History. --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology

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Homo animal est : l’être humain appartient lui-même au règne animal, mais il est le seul à projeter sur les autres membres de ce vaste ensemble un regard analytique. Prendre l’animal comme objet d’étude, c’est le propre de l’homme. « Chez absolument tous il y a quelque chose de naturel, c’est-à-dire de beau » : Aristote, s’apprêtant à détailler les Parties des animaux, prévient son lecteur que les animaux les plus répugnants méritent eux aussi l’attention du scientifique, car ils témoignent des règles auxquelles se conforme la nature, que le philosophe a à cœur de percer. Cette longue tradition d’étude du monde animal, renouvelée aujourd’hui par les découvertes sur le génome, a pris de multiples formes au travers des âges ; mais elle a toujours suscité d’amples questionnements, non seulement sur la nature des animaux eux-mêmes, mais aussi, plus largement, sur leur place dans le monde et, en retour, sur celle de l’homme lui-même. Le Congrès national des sociétés historiques et scientifiques rassemble chaque année universitaires, membres de sociétés savantes et jeunes chercheurs. Ce recueil est issu de travaux présentés lors du 141e Congrès sur le thème « L’animal et l’homme ».

History & Philosophy Of Science --- histoire de l'art --- archéologie --- histoire --- littérature --- zoologie --- histoire des sciences --- mythologie --- histoire des religions --- géologie --- philosophie --- Antiquité --- Moyen Âge --- époque moderne --- époque contemporaine