Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Correspondance is the name of a Belgian Surrealist magazine published in 1924?1925 by Paul Nougé, Camille Goemans, and Marcel Lecomte. It is considered as seminal as Breton?s ±Surrealist Manifesto (1924). The texts were tart, obscure responses to the arcane literary debates of the time, in particular those underway in André Breton?s circle in Paris. Twenty-two issues of Correspondance were printed, in a modernist typeface on different color papers, and were distributed by mail to selected recipients. Unlike their Parisian associates, the Belgians made an explicit choice against the book as a host medium for literary and other experiments. Nougé, the chief theorist, and his colleagues remained suspicious throughout their careers not only of commercialized literature, but also of literature itself, which they saw as a means to political action, never a goal in itself. Although little recognized, Belgian Surrealists and Correspondance, their earliest manifestation, remain anticipatory and influential in modernist writing practice, especially for their ephemeral style of publishing (proto-mail art) and their intentional plagiarisms (precursor to Situationist détournement)

Surrealist --- Art styles --- Journalism --- periodicals --- anno 1900-1999 --- Belgium --- Surrealism (Literature) --- Periodicals --- Surrealist artists --- Found objects (Art) --- Belgian literature (French) --- Publishing --- History and criticism --- Surréalisme (Littérature) --- Surréalistes --- Littérature belge (française) --- History and criticism. --- Histoire et critique --- Surréalisme (Littérature) --- Surréalistes --- Littérature belge (française)

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

German literature

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Zonder onderwerpscode: economie

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper uses a unique dataset from Denmark to investigate the impact of family characteristics in corporate decision making and the consequences of these decisions on firm performance. We focus on the decision to appoint either a family or external chief executive officer (CEO). The paper uses variation in CEO succession decisions that result from the gender of a departing CEO's firstborn child. This is a plausible instrumental variable (IV), as male first-child firms are more likely to pass on control to a family CEO than are female first-child firms, but the gender of the first child is unlikely to affect firms' outcomes. We find that family successions have a large negative causal impact on firm performance: operating profitability on assets falls by at least four percentage points around CEO transitions. Our IV estimates are significantly larger than those obtained using ordinary least squares. Furthermore, we show that family-CEO underperformance is particularly large in fast-growing industries, industries with highly skilled labor force and relatively large firms. Overall, our empirical results demonstrate that professional, non-family CEOs provide extremely valuable services to the organizations they head.