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We live in a world of constant and dynamic change. Change manifests in various guises ranging from small to big, local to global, individual to societal, or from subtle to sudden. It often comes out of the unexpected, yet people can also actively bring ab

Social change. --- Poverty --- Group identity. --- Collective identity --- Community identity --- Cultural identity --- Social identity --- Identity (Psychology) --- Social psychology --- Collective memory --- Destitution --- Wealth --- Basic needs --- Begging --- Poor --- Subsistence economy --- Change, Social --- Cultural change --- Cultural transformation --- Societal change --- Socio-cultural change --- Social history --- Social evolution --- Social aspects.

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The word stress is everywhere and highly overused. Everyone is stressed, it seems, all the time. Looking into the meaning of stress in the natural science and the humanities, this book explores cellular stress as cause of and in correlation with what humans experience as stress. When do we psychologically feel stress and when do we show physiological evidence of stress in our brain? Stress is a deviation from what feels normal and healthy. It can be created by social or economic factors and become chronic, which has substantial impacts on the individual and society as a whole. Focusing on poverty as one chronic inducer of stress, this book explores how the lack of pressure-free time, the hardships and unpredictability of everyday life and a general lack of protection lead to destructive toxic stress. This pressure affects cognitive and social functioning, brain development during childhood and may also result in premature aging. How can the sciences inform our understanding of and our response to stress? What can be done about toxic stress both on a personal level and in terms of structures and policies? The book is written for anyone interested in stress, its causes and consequences, and its relationship to poverty. .

Psychology --- Sociology --- Histology. Cytology --- Human biochemistry --- Human physiology --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Pathological biochemistry --- Psychiatry --- medische psychologie --- preventieve gezondheidszorg --- sociologie --- biochemie --- gezondheidspromotie --- fysiologie --- cytologie --- klinische psychologie --- histologie

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In the light of the globalization, (post-)modernization, social fragmentation, and economization of many of today's living contexts, local knowledge is receiving increasing attention in various sciences. Commonly, local knowledge indicates a counterpart to both rational forms of an explicit knowledge of facts and knowledge of universal validity. Local knowledge attempts to appreciate a more comprehensive view of people's skills, capabilities, experience, and sophistication. On the other hand, the reference to 'local' implies an idea of bounded applicability of knowledge in a specific environment. Beyond this scope of application, local knowledge can be acknowledged either as instrumental in order to achieve specific goals or as an intrinsic value in order to deal with social relations, solidarity, common values and norms accordingly. Social and spatial settings are influential for everybody's quality of life, personal identity, and political commitment - and local knowledge is the essential foundation in turning these settings into a vivid arena. This volume is a result of a two-day conference held in November 2013 in Salzburg, Austria, dedicated to bringing together researchers from different scientific disciplines, including sociology, philosophy, social geography, economics, history, interpersonal communication studies, cultural studies, and theology, in order to draw distinct trains of thought about local knowledge in a transdisciplinary fashion: the phenomenon, its epistemic and philosophical reflection, its methodological comprehension, and its practical application.

Ethnoscience --- Research. --- Technological innovations.

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Psychology --- Sociology --- Histology. Cytology --- Human biochemistry --- Human physiology --- Hygiene. Public health. Protection --- Pathological biochemistry --- Psychiatry --- medische psychologie --- preventieve gezondheidszorg --- sociologie --- biochemie --- gezondheidspromotie --- fysiologie --- cytologie --- klinische psychologie --- histologie