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Qatar's leadership has created a vision of sustainable development for the country. The Qatar Foundation (QF) is moving this vision of sustainable development forward in part by establishing a national research institute that conducts and collaborates on applied research in energy, environment, and water issues, the Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute. This book recommends applied research priorities for the new institution and reports on a survey of related research institutions in the region. The authors identified 14 priority research topics that QF should consider for the institute: natural gas and petroleum production and processing, carbon capture and storage, solar-energy development, fuel cells, green building, smart grids, strategic energy planning, desalination, groundwater sustainability, water demand management, integrated water resource management, environmental characterization, and crosscutting environmental research. These topics address key challenges that Qatar's energy, water, and environment resources and industries face, and they are areas in which Qatar could be well positioned to pursue research. Through the survey, the authors also found that Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have common resources and concerns about energy, water, and environment issues, and that GCC institutions are engaged in a range of research activities to address such concerns. The authors recommend that Qatar's institute take a multidisciplinary approach to research, and collaborate with other GCC institutions. It should also seek input from and involve the Qatar government to ensure that research priorities are aligned, resources allocated to energy and environment research reflect the institute's capabilities and needs, research findings reach their intended audience, and the institute and government agencies collaborate.

Environmental policy --- Energy policy --- Sustainable development --- Research --- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute --- Research.

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"How safe should highly automated vehicles (HAVs) be before they are allowed on the roads for consumer use? In this report, RAND researchers use the RAND Model of Automated Vehicle Safety to compare road fatalities over time under a policy that allows HAVs to be deployed when their safety performance is just moderately better than human drivers and a policy that waits to deploy HAVs only once their performance is nearly perfect."--Provided by publisher.

Traffic safety. --- Automated vehicles --- Automobiles --- Motor vehicles --- Automobile driving --- Highway safety --- Road safety --- Traffic accidents --- Public safety --- Traffic engineering --- Transportation, Automotive --- Automotive vehicles --- Vehicles --- Autos (Automobiles) --- Cars (Automobiles) --- Gasoline automobiles --- Motorcars (Automobiles) --- Automated motor vehicles --- Autonomous vehicles --- Driver-free cars --- Driverless cars --- Robot cars (Automated vehicles) --- Self-driving cars --- Safety measures. --- Automatic control --- Safety measures --- Prevention --- Collision avoidance systems

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Social equity has become a key concern among public agencies. In 2020, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) adopted D. 20-08-046, Decision on Energy Utility Climate Change Vulnerability Assessments and Climate Adaptation in Disadvantaged Communities. This ruling requires utilities to engage disadvantaged communities and assess their vulnerability to climate impacts. It also requires utilities to evaluate how their climate adaptation efforts can promote equity. Southern California Edison (SCE), the sponsor of this work, is one of several investor-owned utilities regulated by the CPUC that must adhere to this rulemaking. The authors developed an illustrative set of context-specific equity metrics that SCE could build on and incorporate into its ongoing work toward climate adaptation. These metrics can help inform utility regulators and electricity utilities as they begin grappling with energy equity. It offers a straightforward methodology and a starting set of equity metrics that are intended to be adapted to different contexts.

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"This report assesses existing water market mechanisms (such as water banking and auctions) and partnership opportunities that Army installations can potentially use to improve installation water programs and their investments in water and wastewater systems. Because such mechanisms and opportunities depend on water management practices and water rights, the report also provides an overview of these areas. In addition, the report provides examples from across the United States, along with detailed case studies of these issues within Colorado and Fort Carson and within Arizona and Fort Huachuca. Water management today faces some key challenges, including aging infrastructure, water quality concerns, depleting groundwater aquifers, uncertain water supplies, pressures of population growth, climate change effects on water availability, and continued public demands for low-cost water. The traditional way of solving water problems -- by increasing access to new surface water and groundwater supplies--is often no longer viable. Such water sources are mostly allocated, and in many cases over-allocated. Today, many water managers are focused on conservation, efficient management, and accessing alternative water sources (such as treated wastewater and stormwater runoff). Water markets and partnerships are also being used in select cases. Given such water management, partnership, and market trends, the report concludes with recommendations about how Army policies and activities can be adjusted to improve installations' water security, programs, and infrastructure investments"--Publisher's description.

Water-supply --- Water transfer --- Water quality --- Water security --- Watershed management --- Climatic changes --- Military bases, American --- Economic aspects --- Management. --- Government policy --- Political aspects --- Environmental aspects. --- United States. --- American military bases --- Watershed development --- Watersheds --- Ecosystem management --- Security, Water --- Human security --- Freshwater --- Freshwater quality --- Marine water quality --- Quality of water --- Seawater --- Seawater quality --- Water --- Environmental quality --- Transfer of water --- Water export --- Water transportation --- Availability, Water --- Water availability --- Water resources --- Natural resources --- Public utilities --- Water resources development --- Water utilities --- Management --- Quality --- Composition --- U.S. Army --- US Army

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Ho Chi Minh City faces significant and growing flood risk. Recent risk reduction efforts may be insufficient as climate and socio-economic conditions diverge from projections made when those efforts were initially planned. This study demonstrates how robust decision making can help Ho Chi Minh City develop integrated flood risk management strategies in the face of such deep uncertainty. Robust decision making is an iterative, quantitative, decision support methodology designed to help policy makers identify strategies that are robust, that is, satisfying decision makers' objectives in many plausible futures, rather than being optimal in any single estimate of the future. This project used robust decision making to analyze flood risk management in Ho Chi Minh City's Nhieu Loc-Thi Nghe canal catchment area. It found that the soon-to-be-completed infrastructure may reduce risk in best estimates of future conditions, but it may not keep risk low in many other plausible futures. Thus, the infrastructure may not be sufficiently robust. The analysis further suggests that adaptation and retreat measures, particularly when used adaptively, can play an important role in reducing this risk. The study examines the conditions under which robust decision making concepts and full robust decision making analyses may prove useful in developing countries. It finds that planning efforts in developing countries should at minimum use models and data to evaluate their decisions under a wide range of conditions. Full robust decision making analyses can also augment existing planning efforts in numerous ways.

Adaptation --- Climate change --- Decision-making under uncertainty --- Flood risk management --- Long-lived infrastructure investments --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth