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This historical study transforms our understanding of modern Egyptian national culture by applying social theory to the history of Egypt's first teacher-training school. It focuses on Dar al-Ulum, which trained students from religious schools to teach in Egypt's new civil schools from 1872. During the first four decades of British occupation (1882-1922), Egyptian nationalists strove to emulate Europe yet insisted that Arabic and Islamic knowledge be reformed and integrated into Egyptian national culture despite opposition from British officials. This reinforced the authority of the alumni of the Dar al-Ulum, the daramiyya, as arbiters of how to be modern and authentic, a position that graduates Hasan al-Banna and Sayyid Qutb of the Muslim Brotherhood would use to resist westernisation and create new modes of Islamic leadership in the 1930s, 40s and 50s. Establishing a 130-year history for tensions over the place of Islamic ideas and practices within modernized public spaces, tensions which became central to the outcomes of the 2011 Arab Uprisings, Hilary Kalmbach demonstrates the importance of Arabic and Islamic knowledge to notions of authority, belonging, and authenticity within

Islamic education --- Education, Islamic --- Education, Muslim --- Islam --- Muslim education --- Education --- Dār al-ʻUlūm (Cairo, Egypt) --- Madrasat Dār al-ʻUlūm (Cairo, Egypt) --- دار العلوم (Cairo, Egypt) --- Kullīyat Dār al-ʻUlūm

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The acceptance of female leadership in mosques and madrassas is a significant change from much historical practice, signalling the mainstream acceptance of some form of female Islamic authority in many places. This volume investigates the diverse range of female religious leadership present in contemporary Muslim communities in South, East and Central Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Europe, and North America, with chapters discussing its emergence, the limitations placed upon it, and its wider impact, as well as the physical and virtual spaces used by women to establish and consolidate their authority. It will be invaluable as a reference text, as it is the first to bring together analysis of female Islamic leadership in geographically and ideologically-diverse Muslim communities worldwide.

Muslim women --- Sex role --- Conduct of life --- Religious life --- Religious aspects --- Islam --- Religious life. --- Morale pratique --- 297.16 --- Islam: religieuze organisatie; religieuze functies en personen --- 297.16 Islam: religieuze organisatie; religieuze functies en personen --- Musulmanes --- Rôle selon le sexe --- History --- Conduct of life. --- Islam. --- Histoire --- Vie religieuse --- Aspect religieux