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This master paper deals with selected issues of the social protection of internationally (highly) mobile construction workers in the border region of Austria (I.), Germany (II.), and Switzerland (III.). Due to the geographical location and the same language there is a lively exchange of employed and self-employed persons. Especially a great many German construction workers are carrying out an employed activity in Switzerland. It should show whether and how the different countries treat the issues of construction workers, in general, and of international mobile workers, in particular and assure their social protection. In concrete, the paper views the national legislations of Austria, Germany, and Switzerland in the area of work incapacities and diseases caused by pursuing occupational activities. The paper examines the statutory social protection against short-term unemployment during the winter months … or more generally„ the protection against the loss of income due to non-working periods caused by weather conditions.

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The Europe 2020 Strategy recognises entrepreneurship and self-employment as key forachieving its objectives of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. Although the contribution ofself-employment to total employment growth in recent years has been limited1, they hold asignificant share in the group of professionally active persons. According to the annual results ofthe European Union Labour Force Survey 2011, self-employed persons accounted for 15.1 % oftotal EU27 employment in 2011.Self-employment takes different forms in the 27 Member States of the European Union andcovers a wide range of categories of workers, active in different sectors. The freedom ofmovement for persons, which is one of the cornerstones of the European Union and enshrined inits Treaties, is not confined to employed persons but also extends to self-employed persons in theframework of the freedom of establishment and the freedom to supply services. In addition to thisArticle, 48 TFEU provides for the adoption of measures in the field of social security as arenecessary to provide freedom of movement for workersŽ.2 To this end, arrangements shall bemade to secure for employed and self-employed migrant workers and their dependantsŽ.3This makes the group of self-employed persons a subject of EU social security coordination law …and a very interesting one in fact! First of all because originally Regulation (EEC) No 1408/71preceding the EC Regulation 883/2004 on the coordination of social security systems onlycovered workers. Although this was changed in July 1982, when its scope was extended to selfemployedpersons4, some of the current issues in the coordination of social security systems canstill be explained by having a look at its historical background. And secondly because thedifferences in the social security systems for self-employed across the Member States havemade social security an area where changes in the institutional framework for self-employedworkers have been most evident in

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This paper analyses a number of countries with regards to the agricultural risk management tools that are available, in particular to protect farmers against the risk of loss of income following a natural disaster.The paper begins by comparing and contrasting the definitions of a number of key terms, such as agricultural activity, farmer and natural disaster. It finds that there are a range of definitions used by different countries and international organisations.A review of the available risk management tools then follows. There are a number of potential solutions to the problem of risk associated with natural disasters, each its own particular key features. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these tools are also considered.The main part of the paper consists of a review of a number of EU member states, and Turkey, with regards to the level of protection that is available within the countrys agricultural insurance sector (both private and public), and the framework under which it is offered.The various features of the sector in each country are then compared, and any common features and key differences. The strong link between the level of government support and the range of risks for which insurance is available is noted. In addition, a strong link between the proportion of small farmers in the country and the level of subsidy paid is noted; this firmly supports the view that agricultural insurance subsidies are part of the social security system.

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As war conflicts are dramatically increasing from one corner of the world to the other, the attention of the public opinion travels at the same pace together with journalists/ news reporters who are becoming more and more mobile. No longer content with the local correspondents, the media are nowadays using their war reporters - journalists who report news related to world crisis.With the aim to shed light on the events which take place in these huge theatres of war, journalists and photojournalists from all the world, dispatched or working as freelancers, are closely following developments in these dangerous areas. There are more and more media workers in search of the truth and in countries where very often history is made. Reporting of the news from the field and not just through press releases is on my opinion, a good service which contributes to the enhancement of the mission of journalism. Journalists and news reporters are dispatched in conflict areas to be able to tell human stories, but unfortunately, often, they are becoming the protagonists of the war scene.This master paper will focus in some aspects of the social protection of mobile journalists, who are dispatched from Europe to other countries outside EU. In this paper, i will describe what journalists and news reporters would be reluctant to tell, their social protection when on a mission in dangerous areas. Based on interviews that I tried to make, the first reaction of journalists and reporters who were employed in small or large companies or freelancers- was reluctance to speak up about this topic, and in other cases, lack of interest, which was expressed in answers such as I didn't think about this.Their answers then reminded me of a personal experience. A trip to the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, in a search for aftermath human stories in a Tetovo which was still shattered by the war, schism and hatred.The war was over indeed, but in its aftermath you could see bullet ridden house

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The mobility policy of the United Nations has a lot of shortcomings. Although it is clear that action isneeded, the lack of mobility management and mobility culture hinder action. This master paperinvestigates that problem in relation to a more specific area, namely health insurances of the UnitedNations staff. Therefore, the main reseach question is: How is mobility of United Nations stafforganized in different health insurance plans and what are the problems concerning this organization?Ž.The used methodology will have a great impact on this study. The methodology exists of the study and comparison of the internal rules of four different health insurances concerning mobility. This willshow some silimarities and differences in the organization of health care and its influence on theorganization of mobility. However, it will become clear that the general problems concerning mobilityin the United Nations, are also the main problems affecting the mobile character of the healthinsurances. The fact that health insurances are no part of the common system of the United Nations,makes it even more difficult to solve the problems.