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Croisades [Art du temps des ] --- Crusader art --- Kruistochten [Kunst van de tijd van de ] --- Crusader art. --- 7.033 --- Christian art and symbolism --- -Twelfth century --- 12th century --- Middle Ages --- Art, Christian --- Art, Ecclesiastical --- Arts in the church --- Christian symbolism --- Ecclesiastical art --- Religious art, Christian --- Sacred art --- Symbolism and Christian art --- Art --- Symbolism --- Christian antiquities --- Church decoration and ornament --- Art, Medieval --- Kunststijlen van de Middeleeuwen --- 7.033 Kunststijlen van de Middeleeuwen

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Die bedeutende frühchristliche Geburtskirche in Bethlehem erhielt als eine der Hauptkirchen des lateinischen Königreiches von Jerusalem im dritten Viertel des 12. Jahrhunderts eine neue mittelalterliche Ausstattung. Sie lässt sich anhand von erhaltenen Überresten, vor Ort vorhandenen Inschriften und reichhaltigen schriftlichen Zeugnissen aus Mittelalter und Neuzeit fast vollständig rekonstruieren. Sie stellt ein einzigartiges Zeugnis dieser Zeit dar? in historischer, theologischer und kunstgeschichtlicher Hinsicht.

Bethléem --- Basilique de la Nativité (Bethléem) --- Church decoration and ornament --- Mosaics, Medieval

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The special position of Jerusalem among the cities of the world stems from a long history shared by the three Abrahamic religions, and the belief that the city reflected a heavenly counterpart. Because of this unique combination, Jerusalem is generally seen as extending along a vertical axis stretching between past, present, and future. However, through its many ‘earthly’ representations, Jerusalem has an equally important horizontal dimension: it is represented elsewhere in all media, from two-dimensional maps to monumental renderings of the architecture and topography of the city’s loca sancta. In documenting the increasing emphasis on studying the earthly proliferations of the city, the current book witnesses a shift in theoretical and methodological insights since the publication of The Real and Ideal Jerusalem in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Art in 1998. Its main focus is on European translations of Jerusalem in images, objects, places, and spaces that evoke the city through some physical similarity or by denomination and cult - all visual and material aids to commemoration and worship from afar. The book discusses both well-known and long-neglected examples, the forms of cult they generate and the virtual pilgrimages they serve, and calls attention to their written and visual equivalents and companions. In so doing, it opens a whole new vista onto the summa of representations of Jerusalem.

sacred sites --- churches [buildings] --- Religious architecture --- Jerusalem --- Palestine --- Visual communication. --- Communication in architecture. --- Church architecture --- Sacred space --- Christian art and symbolism --- Symbolic representation. --- History. --- Symbolic representation --- Congresses --- Visual communication --- Communication in architecture --- Kerkelijke architectuur --- Europe --- Cartes --- Early works to 1800 --- Christian pilgrims and pilgrimages --- History --- Jerusalem in Christianity --- Jerusalem in art --- Church architecture - Jerusalem. --- Church architecture - Europe. --- Sacred space - Jerusalem. --- Sacred space - Europe. --- Christian art and symbolism - Jerusalem. --- Christian art and symbolism - Europe. --- Jérusalem --- Saint-Sépulcre (Jérusalem) --- Jerusalem - Symbolic representation. --- Palestine - Maps. --- Jerusalem - History.

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Natural Materials of the Holy Land and the Visual Translation of Place, 500-1500, focuses on the unique ways that natural materials carry the spirit of place. Since early Christianity, wood, earth, water and stone were taken from loca sancta to signify them elsewhere. Academic discourse has indiscriminately grouped material tokens from holy places and their containers with architectural and topographical emulations, two-dimensional images and bodily relics. However, unlike textual or visual representations, natural materials do not describe or interpret the Holy Land; they are part of it. Tangible and timeless, they realize the meaning of their place of origin in new locations.What makes earth, stones or bottled water transported from holy sites sacred? How do they become pars pro toto, signifying the whole from which they were taken? This book will examine natural media used for translating loca sancta, the processes of their sanctification and how, although inherently abstract, they become charged with meaning. It will address their metamorphosis, natural or induced; how they change the environment to which they are transported; their capacity to translate a static and distant site elsewhere; the effect of their relocation on users/viewers; and how their containers and staging are used to communicate their substance.

Christian pilgrims and pilgrimages --- Souvenirs (Keepsakes) --- Natural history --- History --- Religious aspects --- Christianity. --- Palestine --- Description and travel.