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The present paper reviews key issues in pension design and pension reform encountered all across the world. The paper heavily refers to the recent U.S. Social Security reform debate in general and to the Personal Retirement Accounts proposal in particular. A particular emphasis is put on annuitization and risk-taking in the economy. Our discussion signals some inadequacy of the proposed measures with respect to the goals of viability of the system and individual financial security during retirement.
Insurance --- Labor --- Public Finance --- Demography --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Household --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts --- Retirement --- Retirement Policies --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Private Pensions --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Insurance Companies --- Actuarial Studies --- Pensions --- Labour --- income economics --- Population & demography --- Insurance & actuarial studies --- Pension spending --- Aging --- Expenditure --- Population and demographics --- Financial institutions --- Population aging --- United States
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We explore the link between health indicators and employment rates of the population aged 55 or more. Our focus lies on work capacity as a key determinant of employment. Using cohort mortality information as a proxy for overall health outcomes, we establish a substantial untapped work capacity in the population 55+. Even stronger results are obtained when relying on individual-level objective and subjective health and socioeconomic parameters as predictors.
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The paper studies the labor market participation of older workers in Belgium over the last 3 decades. It outlines the changes to the institutional framework of relevance for labor market participation and employment. Drawing on data from the European Union Labour Force Survey (LFS) over the period 1983-2013, we provide evidence of the trends in participation in (early-) retirement routes. We also explore how the jobs occupied by older workers have changed over time, both in terms of their "quality" and the "quantity" of work involved. Part-time work is found to become more common, though with different attributes for men and women.
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