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‘Identity’ and ‘sectarianism’, two crucial and frequently used concepts in Qumran studies, are here problematized, appraised, and redefined. Two social-scientific theories inform the investigation of the serakhim (rule documents) and pesharim (commentaries). The sociology of sectarianism is presented in retrospect in order to identify appropriate methodological tools for speaking about sectarianism in the ancient context, and for comparing sectarian stances in the serakhim . Furthermore, a social-psychological perspective into identity is introduced for the first time for appreciating the dynamic and context-dependent nature of a person’s social identity. The final chapter takes a fresh approach to the study of the pesharim , arguing for the need to read each Pesher as a whole. It analyses the prototypical ‘teacher’ and brings forward new interpretations of this captivating and cloudy figure.

Qumran community. --- RELIGION / Judaism / General --- Group identity. --- Collective identity --- Community identity --- Cultural identity --- Social identity --- Identity (Psychology) --- Social psychology --- Collective memory --- Kumran community --- Jewish sects --- Essenes --- Dead Sea scrolls. --- Jerusalem scrolls --- ʻAin Fashka scrolls --- Jericho scrolls --- Scrolls, Dead Sea --- Qumrân scrolls --- Rękopisy z Qumran --- Shikai bunsho --- Megilot Midbar Yehudah --- Dodezee-rollen --- Kumránské rukopisy --- Documentos de Qumrán --- Textos de Qumrán --- Rollos del Mar Muerto --- Manuscritos del Mar Muerto --- Manuscrits de la mer Morte --- Dödahavsrullarna --- Kumranin kirjoitukset --- Kuolleenmeren kirjoitukset --- Qumranhandskrifterna --- Qumranin kirjoitukset --- Qumran Caves scrolls --- Group identity --- Jews --- Qumran community --- 229*316.1 --- Identity, Jewish --- Jewish identity --- Jewishness --- Jewish law --- Jewish nationalism --- 229*316.1 Qumran-teksten: Damascusdocument; Gemeenteregel; Hôdayot/Hymnen; Oorlogsrol --- Qumran-teksten: Damascusdocument; Gemeenteregel; Hôdayot/Hymnen; Oorlogsrol --- Identity --- Ethnic identity --- Race identity --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Identity.

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Altogether 46 essays in honour of Professor Raija Sollamo contribute to explore various aspects of the rich textual material around the turn of the era. At that time Scripture was not yet fixed; various writings and collections of writings were considered authoritative but their form was more or less in transition. The appearance of the first biblical translations are part of this transitional process. The Septuagint in particular provides us evidence and concrete examples of those textual traditions and interpretations that were in use in various communities. Furthermore, several biblical concepts, themes and writings were reinterpreted and actualised in the Dead Sea Scrolls, illuminating the transitions that took place in one faction of Judaism. The topics of the contributions are divided into five parts: Translation and Interpretation; Textual History; Hebrew and Greek Linguistics; Dead Sea Scrolls; Present-Day.

Hebrew language --- Greek language, Biblical --- Grammar --- Bible --- Dead Sea scrolls --- Versions --- Septuagint --- Language, style --- Translating --- 221 <082> --- 221.02 --- Grammar. --- Bijbel: Oud Testament--Feestbundels. Festschriften --- Oud Testament: bijbelse filologie --- Bible. --- Dead Sea scrolls. --- Jerusalem scrolls --- ʻAin Fashka scrolls --- Jericho scrolls --- Scrolls, Dead Sea --- Qumrân scrolls --- Rękopisy z Qumran --- Shikai bunsho --- Megilot Midbar Yehudah --- Dodezee-rollen --- Kumránské rukopisy --- Documentos de Qumrán --- Textos de Qumrán --- Rollos del Mar Muerto --- Manuscritos del Mar Muerto --- Manuscrits de la mer Morte --- Dödahavsrullarna --- Kumranin kirjoitukset --- Kuolleenmeren kirjoitukset --- Qumranhandskrifterna --- Qumranin kirjoitukset --- Qumran Caves scrolls --- Chʻuraegŭpki (Book of the Old Testament) --- Exodus (Book of the Old Testament) --- Khurūj --- Kitāb-i Shimūt (Book of the Old Testament) --- Shemot --- Sifr al-Khurūj (Book of the Old Testament) --- Be-reshit (Book of the Old Testament) --- Bereshit (Book of the Old Testament) --- Bytie (Book of the Old Testament) --- Chʻangsegi (Book of the Old Testament) --- Genesis (Book of the Old Testament) --- Sifr al-Takwīn --- Takwīn (Book of the Old Testament) --- Septuagint. --- Language, style. --- Translating. --- Festschrift - Libri Amicorum --- Hébreu (Langue) --- Grec biblique --- Grammaire --- Übersetzung. --- Bibel. --- Qumrantexte. --- Griechisch. --- Hebräisch. --- Shemos --- Hebrew language - Grammar --- Greek language, Biblical - Grammar

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Religious studies --- Sociology of religion

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Divine Names are a key component in the communication between humans and gods in Antiquity. Their complexity derives not only from the impressive number of onomastic elements available to describe and target specific divine powers, but also from their capacity to be combined within distinctive configurations of gods. The volume collects 36 essays pertaining to many different contexts - Egypt, Anatolia, Levant, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome - which address the multiple functions and wide scope of divine onomastics. Scrutinized in a diachronic and comparative perspective, divine names shed light on how polytheisms and monotheisms work as complex systems of divine and human agents embedded in an historical framework. Names imply knowledge and play a decisive role in rituals; they move between cities and regions, and can be translated; they interact with images and reflect the intrinsic plurality of divine beings. This vivid exploration of divine names pays attention to the balance between tradition and innovation, flexibility and constraints, to the material and conceptual parameters of onomastic practices, to cross-cultural contexts and local idiosyncrasies, in a word to human strategies for shaping the gods through their names.

HISTORY / Medieval. --- Religions. --- monotheisms. --- onomastics. --- polytheisms.