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Using a new firm-level dataset with comprehensive information on Asian firms’ FX liabilities, we show that Asia’s nonfinancial corporate sector is vulnerable to a tightening of global financial conditions. Higher global interest rates and exchange rate depreciation increase the probability of default of Asian firms. A 30 percent currency depreciation is associated with a two-notch downgrade in the corporate credit rating (e.g., from A to BBB+), resulting in 7 percent of Asian firms falling into bankruptcy. But the impact is nonlinear—as the firms’ FX liability increases, the balance sheet channel of exchange rate offsets, then dominates, the competitiveness channel. The balance sheet channel offsets the competitiveness channel when the share of U.S. dollar debt is between 10 and 20 percent. We also find that currency depreciation increases firm-level investment on average, but for firms with the share of FX liabilities above 20 percent, investment contracts with depreciation.

Economics --- Economic sociology --- Socio-economics --- Socioeconomics --- Sociology of economics --- Sociology --- Sociological aspects. --- Social aspects --- Accounting --- Foreign Exchange --- Investments: General --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Open Economy Macroeconomics --- Economic Growth of Open Economies --- Financial Crises --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- International Financial Markets --- Corporate Finance and Governance: General --- Capital Budgeting --- Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Monetary economics --- Financial reporting, financial statements --- Macroeconomics --- Exchange rates --- Currencies --- Financial statements --- Depreciation --- Money --- Public financial management (PFM) --- National accounts --- Finance, Public --- Saving and investment --- United States

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This book describes current problems in data science and Big Data. Key topics are data classification, Graph Cut, the Laplacian Matrix, Google Page Rank, efficient algorithms, hardness of problems, different types of big data, geometric data structures, topological data processing, and various learning methods.  For unsolved problems such as incomplete data relation and reconstruction, the book includes possible solutions and both statistical and computational methods for data analysis. Initial chapters focus on exploring the properties of incomplete data sets and partial-connectedness among data points or data sets. Discussions also cover the completion problem of Netflix matrix; machine learning method on massive data sets; image segmentation and video search. This book introduces software tools for data science and Big Data such MapReduce, Hadoop, and Spark.   This book contains three parts.  The first part explores the fundamental tools of data science. It includes basic graph theoretical methods, statistical and AI methods for massive data sets. In second part, chapters focus on the procedural treatment of data science problems including machine learning methods, mathematical image and video processing, topological data analysis, and statistical methods. The final section provides case studies on special topics in variational learning, manifold learning, business and financial data rec overy, geometric search, and computing models.  Mathematical Problems in Data Science is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals working in data science, information systems and networks.  Advanced-level students studying computer science, electrical engineering and mathematics will also find the content helpful.

Computer Science --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Quantitative research. --- Big data. --- Cloud computing. --- Data sets, Large --- Large data sets --- Data analysis (Quantitative research) --- Exploratory data analysis (Quantitative research) --- Quantitative analysis (Research) --- Quantitative methods (Research) --- Computer science. --- Computer communication systems. --- Computer science --- Computers. --- Computer Science. --- Information Systems and Communication Service. --- Computer Communication Networks. --- Mathematics of Computing. --- Mathematics. --- Research --- Electronic data processing --- Web services --- Distributed processing --- Data sets --- Information systems. --- Informatics --- Science --- Computer science—Mathematics. --- Communication systems, Computer --- Computer communication systems --- Data networks, Computer --- ECNs (Electronic communication networks) --- Electronic communication networks --- Networks, Computer --- Teleprocessing networks --- Data transmission systems --- Digital communications --- Electronic systems --- Information networks --- Telecommunication --- Cyberinfrastructure --- Network computers --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace

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