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In recent decade, carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) gained importance to effectively reduce the emission of greenhouse gasses as a midterm solution, considering fossil fuel usage will remain the leading energy source in the years to come. In this regard, industry should focus on energy-efficient and high performing methods to separate carbon dioxide from gas mixtures (e.g. natural gas and flue gas processing). The emerging field of membrane technology offers interesting advantages compared to more traditional CO2 separation methods, such as cryogenic distillation and absorption. Easily producible polymeric membranes, however, do not completely fulfil performance requirements economically feasible CO2 capture. In this respect, Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) can prove valuable as they combine processability of polymeric membranes and the superior gas separation characteristics of particle materials. Development of MMMs mainly focusses on exploring optimal combinations of both polymer and filler materials. This research presents an optimized MMMs synthesis based on the Pebax polymer, with intrinsically strong CO2 transport properties, and can be directly applied for future research efforts. Furthermore, various particle materials were screened for their gas separation performance in MMMs combined with Matrimid as polymer. These particle materials were based on Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), which are reported to show good compatibility with polymer materials, due to their organic linkers. Studied MOFs included ZIF-8, ZIF-71 and the new COK-17, of which the latter showed a remarkable selectivity and permeability improvement for CO2/CH4 separations in comparison with unfilled Matrimid. Moreover, a facile and direct carbonization step of ZIF-8 was performed, to transform the organic MOF framework towards a relatively ordered amorphous carbon structure. Such nanoporous carbon materials are generally known for possessing promising properties for CO2 separations. This work encountered issues regarding compatibility between carbon material and polymer. As such, only permeability was improved in the corresponding MMMs. Different approaches were undertaken to improve compatibility, including enhancement of particle nitrogen functionalities and high temperature thermal annealing of synthesized MMMs.