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Hydrometallurgy. --- Leaching. --- Ores. --- Scrap metals --- Recycling.

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Peter Thiel, Elon Musk, and the rest of the "PayPal Mafia" are now household names who've reshaped technology, automobiles, space travel, and politics. But two decades ago, they were unsung entrepreneurs attempting to launch a Silicon Valley startup against overwhelming odds.That improbable journey started in the shadow of Stanford University, when Thiel met Max Levchin, a Ukrainian engineer who recently moved to California. Years before anyone had heard of Bitcoin, the two set out to build an online payment service that could reduce government control over currency by empowering people around the globe. But after their startup, PayPal, survived the dot-com crash only to find itself besieged by an unimaginable series of challenges, that lofty dream threatened to become a nightmare.Former insider Eric M. Jackson's telling of PayPal's origins is an eyewitness account to technology history, as well as an engrossing story of human struggle and perseverance against overwhelming odds. PayPal went from unknown startup to online powerhouse in just three years, but for the companys team it was not an easy journey. The entrepreneurs that joined together to overhaul world currency markets first had to face one of the greatest series of trials ever thrown at a startup before becoming part of Silicon Valley lore.Jacksons lively, blow-by-blow account of PayPals death-defying beginnings and ferocious battles offers a detailed perspective that only an eyewitness could provide. Read The PayPal Wars and youll learn how:Elon Musk joined with Peter Thiel, and how the two future titans would soon square off to control the company.Organized crime attempted to ransack PayPal--but the company fought back.Government bureaucrats and regulators ferociously tried to shut down the upstart payments service.Turmoil pushed PayPal to the brink of insolvency before Thiel and his team turned the business around. "Our clashes with the credit card associations, the banking lobby, state regulators, foreign Mafioso, and litigation-happy lawyers significantly increased" as the company's profile grew, writes Jackson, adding that the initial public offering that was meant to strengthen PayPal with an infusion of cash ironically attracted a rogues gallery of foes instead."The modern business environment," Jackson concludes, "turned out to be more hostile than even our fiercest competitor." This somber warning--that regulators, lawyers, and lobbyists threaten to undermine American entrepreneurship--makes The PayPal Wars a timely read for every concerned citizen.

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Rural development --- Rural population --- United States --- Rural conditions.

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Rural development --- Rural population --- United States --- Rural conditions.

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Public education plays a crucial role in crafting a nation's future. In the United States, education reform policy, particularly the reliance on large-scale, standardized testing, is a growing topic of national conversation and concern. An Illusion of Equity: The Legacy of Eugenics in Today's Education demonstrates how centuries of propaganda have led us to accept the idea that test scores indicate something so valuable about human beings that they should be used to organize society.Drawing on decades of experience as an educator, author Wendy Zagray Warren unpacks the origins of this practice, inviting us to probe the ideologies underlying testing procedures and score interpretation and to evaluate the rationale for using test scores as the sole markers for academic achievement. From the beginning, large-scale tests have produced scores divided by race and class. Initially, these results aligned with the eugenic ideology of its creators. Warren shows that while the rhetoric used to justify test-based policy has changed, the model used to produce test scores remains much the same. Therefore, so do the outcomes of test-based policies, which continue to reproduce and reinforce the existing social hierarchy of the United States.The hope of equity lies in educators charting new paths and scholars around the world who are dreaming new educational paradigms into being. Ultimately, Warren invites policymakers, educators, and parents to explore the richness of possibility when education is designed around the belief that every child is worthy of the opportunity to thrive.

EDUCATIONAL TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS --- EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION --- EDUCATION