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Iqbal, Muhammad, --- Religion.

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Economic policy and planning (general) --- Pakistan --- 338.22 <549> --- 339.7 <549> --- Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--Pakistan --- Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336})--Pakistan --- Theses --- 339.7 <549> Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336})--Pakistan --- 338.22 <549> Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--Pakistan

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San Marino entered the pandemic with substantial vulnerabilities and still struggling from the consequences of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). However, the economy has shown significant resilience supported by a timely and targeted policy response. Fiscal support was substantially scaled up after external borrowing was secured, including through a debut Eurobond. The banking system was rationalized, partly capitalized, its liquidity substantially improved, and a strategy is being adopted to address exceptionally high nonperforming loans (NPLs). Some of these measures, while effective, have increased official public debt substantially.

Debts, External --- Debt relief --- Capital movements --- Dettes extérieures --- Dettes --- Mouvements de capitaux --- 339.72 <1-772> --- 339.727.2 <1-772> --- -Debt relief --- -Debts, External --- -AFR / Africa - Afrika - Afrique --- LDC / Developping Countries - Pays En Développement --- 382.242.0 --- 382.256 --- 339.115 --- 338.341.1 --- 333.164.0 --- 333.432.8 --- NBB congres --- Debts, Foreign --- Debts, International --- External debts --- Foreign debts --- International debts --- Debt --- International finance --- Investments, Foreign --- Debt renegotiation --- Debt rescheduling --- Debt restructuring --- Relief, Debt --- Renegotiation, Debt --- Rescheduling, Debt --- Restructuring, Debt --- Debtor and creditor --- Capital flight --- Capital flows --- Capital inflow --- Capital outflow --- Flight of capital --- Flow of capital --- Movements of capital --- Balance of payments --- Foreign exchange --- Internationaal betalingsverkeer. Valutahandel. Wisselmarkten. Deviezenhandel. Internationale kapitaalmarkt. Flow and funds analysis. Betalingsbalans. Internationale geldmarkt.--Onontwikkelde, onderontwikkelde gebieden --- Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse leningen. Buitenlandse kredieten. Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse investeringen. Kapitaalinvoer. Kapitaaluitvoer. Kapitaalvlucht--Onontwikkelde, onderontwikkelde gebieden --- Balans van het kapitaalverkeer: algemeenheden. --- Buitenlandse hulp (betalingsbalans). --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC. --- Financiële hulp aan de Derde Wereld. --- Internationale Bank voor Herstel en Ontwikkeling: algemeen. --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten. --- Law and legislation --- 339.727.2 <1-772> Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse leningen. Buitenlandse kredieten. Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse investeringen. Kapitaalinvoer. Kapitaaluitvoer. Kapitaalvlucht--Onontwikkelde, onderontwikkelde gebieden --- 339.72 <1-772> Internationaal betalingsverkeer. Valutahandel. Wisselmarkten. Deviezenhandel. Internationale kapitaalmarkt. Flow and funds analysis. Betalingsbalans. Internationale geldmarkt.--Onontwikkelde, onderontwikkelde gebieden --- Dettes extérieures --- AFR / Africa - Afrika - Afrique --- Internationale Bank voor Herstel en Ontwikkeling: algemeen --- Internationale monetaire organisatie. Internationaal Muntfonds. Algemene leningovereenkomsten --- Financiële hulp aan de Derde Wereld --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC --- Balans van het kapitaalverkeer: algemeenheden --- Buitenlandse hulp (betalingsbalans) --- San Marino, Republic of --- Money and Monetary Policy --- International Economics --- Public Finance --- Statistics --- Macroeconomics --- Banks and Banking --- Industries: Financial Services --- Monetary Policy --- International Agreements and Observance --- International Organizations --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology --- Computer Programs: Other --- Fiscal Policy --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Monetary economics --- International institutions --- Public finance & taxation --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Finance --- Banking --- Monetary policy --- International organization --- Public debt --- Commercial banks --- Financial institutions --- Fiscal stance --- Fiscal policy --- Nonperforming loans --- Pension spending --- Expenditure --- International agencies --- Debts, Public --- Banks and banking --- Loans

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The currently available means of combating fungal infections are still weak and clumsy. The application of fungal genomics offers an unparalleled opportunity to develop novel antifungal drugs. Interestingly, several novel antifungal drug targets have already been identified and validated. However, it is too early to expect any novel antifungal drug as drug discovery programs are still in their infancy. In addition to classical and genomic approaches to drug discovery, traditional knowledge derived from natural products and phytomedicine can provide a multitude of alternative modes of combating fungal infection. This book comprises 20 chapters on various aspects pertaining to fungal diseases in human and animals, their reservoir, fungal pathogenesis, their management and recent advances in their treatment. Issues of antifungal drug toxicity, especially nephrotoxicity, are also discussed. The development of resistance in fungal pathogens, including multidrug resistance and its mechanism, is dealt with in two chapters. Diverse diagnostic approaches to fungal infections are also reviewed. The combinational drug strategies used in combating invasive fungal infections are addressed in detail. The management of pulmonary mycoses in stem cell transplantation is also given special focus. Novel antifungal drugs (synthetic and herbal), fungal vaccines, and metabolic pathways as drug targets are discussed in detail in three different chapters. Subsequently the roles of innate immunity, cytokine therapy and immunomodulators in the treatment of fungal infections are elaborated upon. As novel drug delivery systems have a great potential for modifying the pharmacokinetics of medications, the last chapter takes this fact into consideration in its examination of state-of-the-art delivery systems in controlling fungal infections.

Drug resistance, Fungal. --- Mycoses -- Treatment. --- Mycoses. --- Mycoses --- Bacterial Infections and Mycoses --- Anti-Infective Agents --- Drug Resistance, Microbial --- Drug Resistance, Fungal --- Antifungal Agents --- Microbiological Phenomena --- Drug Resistance --- Diseases --- Therapeutic Uses --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Pharmacological Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Physiological Phenomena --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Medicine --- Biology --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Infectious Diseases --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Treatment --- Chemotherapy --- Fungal diseases --- Fungal infections --- Fungous diseases --- Mycosis --- Mycotic diseases --- Mycotic infections --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Medical microbiology. --- Pharmacology. --- Microbiology. --- Biomedicine. --- Medical Microbiology. --- Pharmacology/Toxicology. --- Medical mycology --- Toxicology. --- Chemicals --- Pharmacology --- Poisoning --- Poisons --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Toxicology --- Drug effects --- Medical pharmacology --- Medical sciences --- Drugs --- Pharmacy --- Physiological effect