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This Selected Issues paper analyzes the impact of Mexico’s energy reform on hydrocarbons production. These reforms aim to increase oil and gas production by eliminating the state oil company’s (PEMEX) monopoly on exploration and production of hydrocarbons, while retaining the prime directive that these resources are the property of the Mexican nation. This paper focuses on the nature of reforms and what problems these reforms are addressing. It presents illustrative production scenarios for crude oil and natural gas and estimates the commensurate investment costs and foreign direct investment associated with each scenario. The paper also examines the markets for the distribution of natural gas and electricity.

Carbon dioxide mitigation -- Mexico. --- Energy policy -- Mexico. --- Power resources -- Mexico. --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009. --- Financial crises --- Economic development --- Global Economic Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Subprime Mortgage Crisis, 2008-2009 --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Investments: Energy --- Investments: Bonds --- Industries: Energy --- Industries: Manufacturing --- Industries: Financial Services --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Hydrocarbon Resources --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Electric Utilities --- Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General --- Investment & securities --- Petroleum, oil & gas industries --- Finance --- Manufacturing industries --- International economics --- Natural gas sector --- Mutual funds --- Bond yields --- Sovereign bonds --- Electricity --- Economic sectors --- Financial institutions --- Commodities --- Bonds --- Gas industry --- Electric utilities --- Mexico

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This 2013 Article IV Consultation for Albania focuses on economic developments and policies that have led to weakening and imbalance of the economy. It highlights that high nonperforming loans (NPLs) are constraining credit growth, and weak external drivers are preventing a sustained reduction in external imbalances. Reduction in NPLs would safeguard financial stability and help release credit supply constraints by lowering bank risk aversion. The authorities have requested a three-year arrangement with proposed access equivalent to SDR 295.42 million.

Economic development. --- Fiscal policy. --- International finance. --- International Monetary Fund. --- Monetary policy. --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- International Finance --- Fiscal policy --- Monetary policy --- Economic indicators --- International Monetary Fund --- Albania --- Economic conditions. --- Business indicators --- Indicators, Business --- Indicators, Economic --- Leading indicators --- Monetary management --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Government policy --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Economic history --- Quality of life --- Economic forecasting --- Index numbers (Economics) --- Social indicators --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Finance, Public --- E-books --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Industries: Financial Services --- Statistics --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- General Aggregative Models: General --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology --- Computer Programs: Other --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Banking --- Econometrics & economic statistics --- Public debt --- Arrears --- Nonperforming loans --- Loans --- External debt --- Financial institutions --- Debts, Public --- Debts, External --- Banks and banking --- National income

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IMF Financial Operations 2014 provides a broad introduction to how the IMF fulfills its mission through its financial activities. It covers the financial structure and operations of the IMF and also provides background detail of the financial statements for the IMF’s activities during the most recent financial year. This publication updates a previous report entitled Financial Organization and Operations of the IMF, first published in 1986 and last issued in 2001 (the sixth edition). That 2001 report reflected the seismic shifts in the global economy and in the IMF’s structure and operations that occurred after the fall of the Soviet Union and the various currency and financial crises of the 1990s. This revised and updated report covers more recent developments, including measures taken in response to the global financial crisis of 2007-09 and the institutional reforms aimed at ensuring that the IMF’s governance structure evolves in line with developments in the global economy, as well as reforms to the IMF’s income model.

International finance -- Periodicals. --- International Monetary Fund -- Periodicals. --- International Monetary Fund. --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- International Finance --- Financial institutions, International --- Banks and banking, International --- E-books --- International banking --- Offshore banking (Finance) --- Transnational banking --- International finance --- International financial institutions --- Internationaal monetair fonds --- International monetary fund --- Macroeconomics --- Banks and Banking --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Financial Risk Management --- Social Services and Welfare --- Foreign Exchange --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Banking --- Monetary economics --- Social welfare & social services --- International economics --- Financial crises --- Central banks --- Currencies --- Money --- Debt relief --- Asset and liability management --- Credit --- Personal income --- National accounts --- Freely usable currencies --- Poverty reduction strategy --- Poverty --- Income --- Currency crises --- Banks and banking, Central --- Debts, External --- United States

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This Technical Assistance report highlights that setting up a liquidity forecasting framework would go a long way in establishing a key building block allowing the Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan (RMA) to fulfil its legal mandate to formulate and implement monetary policy in ways better aligned with current central bank practices. The structural liquidity surplus, mainly due to foreign reserves accumulation, has been broadly stable in the absence of RMA intervention. The paper discusses that the volatility of autonomous factors and the fragmentation of the money market justify ambitious steps by the RMA towards setting up a liquidity management framework. The mission identified several constraints and gaps that need to be addressed to support the effectiveness of a liquidity forecasting framework. The mission’s recommendations presented in the report aim at streamlining the processing of the Government’s financial transactions and cash balances. Looking ahead, monetary policy transmission would benefit from developing RMA’s liquidity forecasting and management capacity.

Monetary policy. --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Accounting --- Portfolio Choice --- Investment Decisions --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Finance --- Banking --- Public finance accounting --- Liquidity --- Liquidity management --- Liquidity forecasting --- Money markets --- Asset and liability management --- Financial markets --- Fiscal accounting and reporting --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Economics --- Banks and banking --- Money market --- Finance, Public --- Bhutan

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Countries in the Middle East and North Africa region have unprecedented opportunities for transforming their economies through accelerated economic growth, but the countries themselves must ensure the necessary conditions. This study, by the Middle Eastern Department, focuses on four areas that are fundamental to growth-enhancing structural changes: improving the region's investment performance, fiscal reform, financial sector reform, and trade liberalization.

331.30 --- 331.31 --- 336.61 --- MEA / Middle East - Midden Oosten - Moyen Orient --- 330.35 <5-011> --- 330.35 <6-17> --- 330.35 <6-17> Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--?<6-17> --- Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--?<6-17> --- 330.35 <5-011> Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Nabije-Oosten. Midden-Oosten --- Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09}--Nabije-Oosten. Midden-Oosten --- Economische toestand --- Economisch beleid --- Financieel beleid --- Africa, North --- Middle East --- Barbary States --- Maghreb --- Maghrib --- North Africa --- Economic policy. --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Industries: Financial Services --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Fiscal Policy --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy --- Stabilization --- Treasury Policy --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Finance --- Banking --- Expenditure --- Trade liberalization --- Stock markets --- Fiscal stabilization --- Fiscal policy --- Financial markets --- International trade --- Commercial policy --- Expenditures, Public --- Stock exchanges --- Banks and banking --- Financial services industry --- Jordan