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This Technical Assistance Report discusses the findings and recommendations made by the IMF mission to improve public sector debt statistics (PSDS) in Moldova. The IMF mission found that Moldova continues to improve their recording, compilation and dissemination of PSDS reflecting potential fiscal risks, but faces some statistical challenges going forward. The adoption of recommendations, along with comprehensive monitoring of on-lending and contingent liabilities, would increase the Moldovan policymaker’s ability to forecast future fiscal risk and actively monitor the gross debt of all public-sector institutions in line with the new Fiscal Risk Statement. This would translate into a sound Public Finance Management structure and allow for more accurate macroeconomic surveillance and analysis.

Moldova--Economic policy. --- Corporate Finance --- Investments: General --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- Public finance & taxation --- Ownership & organization of enterprises --- Investment & securities --- Civil service & public sector --- Public debt --- Business enterprises --- Securities --- Government debt management --- Public sector --- Economic sectors --- Financial institutions --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Debts, Public --- Financial instruments --- Finance, Public --- Moldova, Republic of --- Moldova --- Economic policy.

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This Selected Issues paper describes wages and competitiveness in Norway. Norway may have to downwardly revise its expectations for wage growth if it is to avoid a significant loss of competitiveness and manage the transition to a less oil-dependent economy. Norway was able to afford very high wage growth in the past (notwithstanding the noted challenges in several sectors) thanks to good fortune in its terms of trade. Going forward, it would be prudent not to count on being fortunate twice: wage moderation would help build resilience in case of less favorable trends in international prices. It would also help facilitate the needed transition out of oil by supporting sectors that did not benefit from past terms of trade gains. Communication from the government can continue to help in managing public expectations. Fiscal policy plays a key role in promoting competitiveness and containing the spending effect of Dutch Disease. After a prolonged expansion of fiscal policy—partly enabled by large valuation gains of the sovereign wealth fund—it is now appropriate to gradually start tightening fiscal policy. The ongoing up-cycle provides an ideal setting to get started on structural consolidation, which will ultimately be needed to face to address aging pressures.

Petroleum industry and trade--Norway. --- Financial Risk Management --- Infrastructure --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Real Estate --- Housing Supply and Markets --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Price Level --- Inflation --- Deflation --- Financial Crises --- Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis --- Housing --- Property & real estate --- Labour --- income economics --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Civil service & public sector --- Financial reporting, financial statements --- Housing prices --- Asset prices --- Wages --- Asset bubbles --- Prices --- Financial crises --- National accounts --- Saving and investment --- Norway --- Petroleum industry and trade

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This Selected Issues Paper presents an overview of the Malaysian labor market. Malaysia’s economy and its labor market have undergone significant shifts in the last three decades. The labor market is now more urban and has a higher share of female workers and workers with tertiary education. Employment has kept pace with labor supply, keeping the unemployment rate stable for more than a decade. Meanwhile, reliance on noncitizen workers has also increased against the backdrop of slower growth in citizen population. Continuing with its economic transformation, Malaysia aspires to achieve high-income status, with a labor market that is ready for the economy of the future: a market that can support more female workers, more skilled jobs, and a higher labor productivity growth.

International finance--Government policy. --- International finance. --- Malaysia--Economic conditions. --- International monetary system --- International money --- Finance --- International economic relations --- Financial Risk Management --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Gender Studies --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Fiscal Policy --- Economics of Gender --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Labour --- income economics --- Gender studies, gender groups --- Public finance & taxation --- Labor force --- Gender diversity --- Labor force participation --- Gender --- Labor market --- Economic theory --- Fiscal policy --- Sex role --- Debts, Public --- Malaysia --- International finance --- Government policy. --- Economic conditions.

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This Selected Issues paper investigates the macroeconomic impact of existing gender gaps in Ethiopia and discusses the authorities’ policies in the areas of gender equality and women’s rights, with a focus on women’s economic engagement. Ethiopia has shown a firm political commitment to the advancement of gender equality and women’s rights; however significant challenges around women’s economic participation remain. Whilst most people work in Ethiopia, women face many barriers to formal labor force participation, have lower levels of education than men—particularly at secondary and tertiary levels—and have significant wage gaps compared to men. The findings suggest that, eliminating gender gaps in both educational attainment and the rate of formal employment could increase output in Ethiopia over time by over 24 percent. Improved institutional capacity would lead to better integration of gender issues into the planning and implementation of government policies. Ethiopia has already embedded gender units within the structure of many of its ministries.

International Monetary Fund--Ethiopia. --- Economic development--Ethiopia. --- Poverty--Ethiopia. --- Labor --- Women''s Studies' --- Gender Studies --- Economics of Gender --- Non-labor Discrimination --- Education: General --- Labor Standards: Labor Force Composition --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Gender studies --- women & girls --- Social discrimination & equal treatment --- Labour --- income economics --- Education --- Women --- Gender inequality --- Labor force participation --- Wages --- Gender --- Sex discrimination --- Labor market --- Ethiopia, The Federal Democratic Republic of --- Economic development --- Poverty

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Brazil has a large and diverse investments funds sector which is subject to a robust regulatory framework. The competent authority, the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários (CVM), requires high standards of the entities it oversees and makes good use of the extensive data it receives from market participants on an ongoing basis. Fiduciary administrators play an important role as the main gatekeeper for investment funds and, despite the highly concentrated nature of the industry, there is evidence that they make a significant contribution to the safety and soundness of the sector as a whole.

Economic development--Brazil. --- Brazil--Economic conditions. --- Finance: General --- Financial Risk Management --- Industries: Financial Services --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- International Financial Markets --- Portfolio Choice --- Investment Decisions --- Finance --- Mutual funds --- Asset management --- Liquidity --- Liquidity management --- Financial institutions --- Asset and liability management --- Asset-liability management --- Economics --- Brazil --- Economic development --- Economic conditions.