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In dit boek wordt op een overzichtelijke wijze de evolutie beschreven van bouwmaterialen en bouwtechnieken van de vroegste tijden tot nu en wordt een visie ontwikkeld op het bouwen in de nabije en de verre toekomst. Waar komt verf vandaan, hoe is glas ontstaan, wie bedacht het toilet met waterspoeling, van wanneer zijn er platte daken, hoe is centrale verwarming er gekomen, wat is een energieprestatieniveau, hoe hoog zal er ooit worden gebouwd, wonen we in de toekomst ondergronds en op het water of in gigantische piramidale steden en wanneer zullen mensen op de Maan wonen, wat kunnen we leren van de planten en de dieren om duurzaam en energiezuinig te bouwen? Is het normaal dat ondanks doorgedreven wetenschappelijk onderzoek en innovaties in de bouwsector toch nog vele miljoenen mensen in sloppenwijken wonen? Het boek vertelt over de evolutie van de bouw en over vroegere en toekomstige technologische ontwikkelingen en geeft tegelijk ook stof tot nadenken

WTCB --- Structural parts and elements of building --- bouwtechnologie --- technology --- architectonics --- 692 --- 693 --- 694 --- 696 --- 72 --- 728.1 --- 69(035) --- 69(091) --- Bouwen ; evolutie en toekomstige technologische ontwikkelingen --- Bouwmaterialen ; bouwtechnieken ; geschiedenis en toekomst --- Constructie ; van gebouwen ; handboeken --- Constructie-elementen --- DVD's --- daken --- glas --- hellende daken --- muren --- natuursteen --- plafonneerwerk --- platte daken --- ruwbouw --- sanitair --- schilderwerk --- schrijnwerk --- steen --- tegelmuren --- tegelvloeren --- verwarming --- vloerbekledingen --- voegwerk --- bouwkunde --- bouwtechnieken --- Bouwconstructies --- Sanitair --- Schrijnwerk --- Verwarming --- Vloeren --- sanitaire installaties --- hellend dak --- klimatisering (klimaatregeling) --- plafond --- plat dak --- tegelvloer --- vloerbekleding --- voeg --- 711.9 --- 718.8 --- Structural parts and elements of buildings --- Bricklaying and related building crafts --- Timber construction. Carpentry. Joinery --- Equipment, services, installations in buildings (sanitary, gas, steam, electrical). Pipe fitter. Plumber. Metal worker. Drainlayer. Electrician. Other trades --- Heating, ventilation and air conditioning of buildings --- Architectuur. Bouwkunst --- Woonhuizen. Woningbouw (algemeen) --- Bouwwezen. Constructie ; handboeken --- Bouwwezen. Constructie ; geschiedenis --- bouwbedrijf, bouwvakken, bouwwezen --- (zie ook: beglazing) --- architectuur, algemene geschiedenis van de architectuur - overige onderwerpen --- architectuur, geschiedenis volgens genres/doeleinden, hedendaagse woningbouw --- 728.1 Woonhuizen. Woningbouw (algemeen) --- 72 Architectuur. Bouwkunst --- 697 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning of buildings --- 696 Equipment, services, installations in buildings (sanitary, gas, steam, electrical). Pipe fitter. Plumber. Metal worker. Drainlayer. Electrician. Other trades --- 694 Timber construction. Carpentry. Joinery --- 693 Bricklaying and related building crafts --- 692 Structural parts and elements of buildings --- 72 Architecture --- Architecture. --- Building. --- Building materials. --- Building Stones. --- 69 --- 691 --- 697 --- 72.03 --- 72.039 --- Duurzaam bouwen --- bouw --- bouwmaterialen --- plafonds --- vloeren --- Architectuur --- Bouwwezen --- 690.2 )* BOUWMATERIEEL --- Daken --- duurzaam bouwen --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- ecologie --- Architecture --- 72.039 Hedendaagse architectuur. Bouwkunst sinds 1960 --- Hedendaagse architectuur. Bouwkunst sinds 1960 --- 691 Building materials. Building components --- Building materials. Building components --- Bouwstijlen. Architectuurscholen. Architectuurstromingen. Bouwkunst: perioden en invloeden --- Bouwtechniek --- Contains audio-visual material --- architectuur --- Building materials. Building technology --- architecture [discipline] --- Building --- Building materials --- History --- 94.036 --- Geschiedenis 20ste eeuw --- technology [general associated concept] --- 69.014.2 --- bouwconstructie - staalconstructies

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Civil engineering structures in general have a service life expectancy of 50 to 100 years. Nevertheless due to harsh conditions, design flaws or construction errors early damage scenarios can occur. In order to repair or contain this damage and extend the service life it is essential to be able to assess this damage. To this end monitoring techniques are vital. Recent technology allows using fibre optic cables as strain sensors. These sensors are relatively cheap and practical for installation. This thesis investigates the use of these types of sensors in vibration-based structural health monitoring. More specifically the effect on the neutral axis position obtained by dynamic strains is looked at. This thesis consists of two main parts, first the use of fibre optic sensors is tested in two experiments. A progressive damage test investigates the effect of bending cracks and a corrosion test investigates the effect of tension rebar corrosion on dynamic strains. In the second part, different models are investigated with the focus on discrete crack and smeared crack models. The models will be used in combination with the test results to interpret how damage to a reinforced concrete beam influences dynamic strains. The tests show promising results for structural health monitoring with relation to the bending cracks. Due to the low degree of corrosion reached in the corrosion experiments differences in dynamic properties of the beam were minimal but noticeable. The models show that both discrete cracks as smeared cracks models can be used to estimate crack heights based on dynamic strains. Taking into account some considerations structural health monitoring by fibre optic sensors is an interesting development in the field. This thesis tries to give more insight into how to interpret the results obtained from it and couple them back to damage occurring in a reinforced concrete beam.

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Structures can be subjected to cyclic loads such as wind loads, wave loads and traffic loads. These cyclic loads are transferred to the soil on which the structure is founded and can cause an accumulation of strains and a degradation of the bearing capacity. Therefore the cyclically loaded foundation can be the limiting factor in the design of the structure. For this reason, cyclic soil behaviour is a commonly researched topic in geotechnical engineering. Until now, mostly empirical models are used to describe cyclic soil behaviour. These models lack consistency and fail to describe cyclic soil behaviour in a systematic way. Therefore, a theoretical consistent and physical meaningful approach is proposed by means of a ratcheting model that is currently under development at the KU Leuven. This ratcheting model introduces a new ratcheting strain to the classic elastoplastic framework that has its own flow rule and ratcheting parameters. Since this is a new model, the goal of this thesis is to understand the behaviour of the model and its parameters. This will be done in the context of cyclic triaxial tests by means of an explanation on the behaviour of the model, a parametric study and finally the calibration of a cyclic triaxial test.

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The Oosterweel project in Antwerp will create a continuous ring road around Antwerp. For this, numerous infrastructure works, consisting mainly of tunnels and viaducts, are necessary. One of those infrastructure works are the Canal tunnels, which will be located under the Albert Canal. The Canal tunnels consist of four tunnels stacked in pairs, using the wall-roof method. In order to prevent large settlements of the tunnels, the walls of the tunnels will be diaphragm walls that rely on the load bearing capacity of the Boom clay. In order to derive the load bearing capacity of the Boom clay, Wetenschappelijk en Technisch Centrum voor het Bouwbedrijf (WTCB) conducted a series of load tests on slurry wall panels in the Boom clay. This thesis contains a numerical analysis and verification of the load tests on the slurry wall panels. For this, two numerical models are made using the Finite Element Method. The first one is a continuum model made in Plaxis 2D and the second one is a simplified discrete model in Matlab. Primarily, these models are used to verify the measurements and calculations of the load tests. Additionally, these models can be used to study the effects of construction errors or the long term effects of loading, since these load tests are usually restricted in time and space. The first part of this thesis gives a concise overview of the setup and the sequence of the load tests at the test site in Merksem in 2018. In order to make a geotechnical model, it is important to have a good representation of the mechanical behaviour of the soil. For this, the second part of the numerical analysis consists of gathering and comparing geotechnical parameters of the soil at the test site. The third part consists of making a continuum model in Plaxis 2D and verifying the measurements of the load tests. In particular, four analyses are done: a verification of the load displacement behaviour based on the panel shape, a verification of the calculated base resistance and unit shaft friction from strain measurements, a study of the influence of tilt on strain measurements and a study of long term loading effects on excess porewater pressures in the boom clay. The final part begins with an explanation of how a simplified discrete model in Matlab is made. Furthermore, it includes an analysis of the influence of tilt on strain measurements, since the model in Plaxis 2D produces questionable results for this analysis.