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Sleep and anesthesia seem so similar that the task of analyzing the neurological similarities and differences between the two is an obvious research postulate. Both involve the loss of consciousness, or the loss of awareness of external stimuli. Yet when we investigate further, key differences start to manifest themselves—anesthesia is drug-induced while sleep requires no external cause being only the most salient. Other fascinating questions crowd in too: do we dream while under anesthesia, and do we feel pain while sleeping? Examining neural activity associated with sleep and anesthesia can be effected at various levels, from the microscopic, single-neuron level right up to that of whole neural populations.   This book aims to reveal the underlying neural mechanisms of sleep and anesthesia by employing a range of experimental techniques and applying theoretical models of neural activity that predict the mechanisms related to both states. Of course, these models offer deeper insights if their assumptions and resulting data can be correlated to experimental findings, and it is these correlations that the book focuses on. As the outcome of workshops on anesthesia and sleep at the 2007 and 2009 Computational Neuroscience Conferences in Toronto and Berlin, the chapters lay out key theoretical issues as well as hot contemporary research topics. It also details experimental techniques on various spatial scales, such as fMRIand EEG-experiments on the macroscopic, and single-neuron and LFP measurements on the microscopic scale.

Sleep -- Physiological aspects. --- Sleep deprivation. --- Sleep disorders. --- Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders. --- Sleep. --- Sleep --- Anesthesia --- Investigative Techniques --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Nervous System Physiological Processes --- Monitoring, Physiologic --- Psychophysiology --- Anesthesia and Analgesia --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Nervous System Physiological Phenomena --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Diagnosis --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Models, Theoretical --- Polysomnography --- Methods --- Physiology --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neuroscience --- Neurology --- Physiological aspects --- Anesthesia. --- Anaesthesia --- Sleeping --- Slumber --- Medicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Neurology. --- Computers. --- Biomedicine. --- Computation by Abstract Devices. --- Anesthesiology --- Analgesia --- Health --- Rest --- Sleep-wake cycle --- Subconsciousness --- Dreams --- Hypnagogia --- Computer science. --- Informatics --- Science --- Nervous system --- Neuropsychiatry --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Medical sciences --- Diseases --- Neurology . --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace

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Neuropathology --- Computer science --- neurologie --- informatica --- hersenen --- anesthesie

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This volume of the “Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, Second Edition” (ECSS), introduces the fundamental physical and mathematical concepts underlying the theory of complex physical, chemical, and biological systems. Numerous applications illustrate how these concepts explain observed phenomena in our daily lives, which range from spatio-temporal patterns in fluids from atmospheric turbulence in hurricanes and tornadoes to feedback dynamics of laser intensity to structures in cities and rhythms in the brain. The spontaneous formation of well-organized structures out of microscopic system components and their interactions is one of the most fascinating and challenging phenomena for scientists to understand. Biological systems may also exhibit organized structures emanating from interactions of cells and their networks. For instance, underlying structures in the brain emerge as certain mental states, the ability to coordinate movement, or pathologies such as tremor or epileptic seizures. When we try to explain or understand these extremely complex biological phenomena, it is natural to ask whether analogous processes of self-organization may be found in much simpler systems of the inanimate world. In recent decades, it has become increasingly evident that there exist numerous examples in physical and chemical systems in which well-organized spatio-temporal structures arise out of disordered states. As in living organisms, the functioning of these systems can be maintained only by a flux of energy (and matter) through them. Synergetics combines elements from physics and mathematics to explain how a diversity of systems obey the same basic principles. All chapters in this volume have been thoroughly revised and updated from the first edition of ECSS. The second edition also includes new or expanded coverage of such topics as chaotic dynamics in laser systems and neurons, novel insights into the relation of classical chaos and quantum dynamics, and how noise in the brain tunes observed neural activity and controls animal and human behavior. .

Statistical physics --- Biology --- Biotechnology --- Computer. Automation --- neuronale netwerken --- complexiteit --- biologie --- statistiek --- systeemtheorie --- fysica

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- parameter estimation --- superior collicullus --- Electroencephalography --- Ostrinia furnacalis --- excitable media --- Avian song system --- Meteorology

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Science: general issues --- parameter estimation --- superior collicullus --- Electroencephalography --- Ostrinia furnacalis --- excitable media --- Avian song system --- Meteorology