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monitoring --- biodiversity --- conservation --- Africa

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Numerous experts including ecologists, geneticists, paleontologists and climatologists, investigate the response of terrestrial organisms to changes in their environment. The volume comprises an introductory and a final chapter by the editors as well as another 35 contributions. These are divided into six sections: 1. past environmental changes - the late-Quaternary; 2. spatial responses to past changes; 3. mechanisms enabling spatial responses; 4. evolutionary responses to past changes; 5. mechanisms enabling evolutionary responses; 6. predicted future environmental changes and simulated responses. The overwhelming and unanimous conclusion of all contributors is that forecasted global environmental changes pose a severe threat to the integrity of ecosystems worldwide and to the survival of at least some species.

Paleoecology --- Climatic changes --- Congresses. --- Holocene --- Congresses --- Ecology . --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Geoecology. --- Environmental geology. --- Nature conservation. --- Ecology. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Geoecology/Natural Processes. --- Nature Conservation. --- Conservation of nature --- Nature --- Nature protection --- Protection of nature --- Conservation of natural resources --- Applied ecology --- Conservation biology --- Endangered ecosystems --- Natural areas --- Geoecology --- Environmental protection --- Physical geology --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Conservation --- Ecology --- Palaeoecology --- Paleobiology --- Paleoecology - Holocene - Congresses. --- Climatic changes - Congresses.

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Pollen --- Pollen, Fossil --- Maps --- Phytogeography --- Paleobotany --- Pollen fossile --- Paléobotanique --- Phytogéographie --- Paleobotany. --- Phytogeography. --- Pollen. --- Pollen, Fossil. --- Atlas. --- Cartes. --- Europe. --- RBINS-OTHER --- Maps. --- Atlas --- Pollen - Europe - Maps --- Pollen, Fossil - Europe - Maps --- Phytogeography - Europe - Maps --- Paleobotany - Europe - Maps

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Environmental policy --- South Africa --- Economic conditions --- Politics and government