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"It has become commonplace to think that globalization has produced a race to the bottom in terms of labor standards and quality of life: the cheaper the labor and the lower the benefits afforded workers, the more competitively a country can participate on the global stage. But in this book the distinguished economic historian Michael Huberman demonstrates that globalization has in fact been very good for workers' quality of life, and that improved labor conditions have promoted globalization."-- Publisher.

AA / International- internationaal --- 332.9 --- 382.11 --- Internationale organisatie, reglementering en wetgeving van de arbeid. --- Theorie van het internationale evenwicht. Economische onafhankelijkheid van een natie. Globalisering. Mondialisering. --- International trade --- Labor laws and legislation, International --- International labor laws and legislation --- International law --- History --- Internationale organisatie, reglementering en wetgeving van de arbeid --- Theorie van het internationale evenwicht. Economische onafhankelijkheid van een natie. Globalisering. Mondialisering

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#SBIB:HIVA --- #SBIB:316.334.1O270 --- Onderwijs: rol van het personeel: algemeen

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This paper challenges the received view that pins the adoption of labor regulation before 1914 on domestic forces, particularly the rises in income and voter turnout. Building on standard state-year event history analysis, we find that trade was also a main pathway of diffusion. Countries that traded with each other were more likely to establish a level playing field. The transmission mechanism was strongest in north-west Europe because intra-industry trade was significant in the region. When states failed to emulate the superior labor regulations of their most important trading partners, they left themselves vulnerable to embargos and sanctions on their exports. Threats of market loss were not credible in the New World because it exported mainly primary products and prices were fixed by world demand and supply. Domestic forces trumped international pressures to converge, with the result that labor regulation developed more slowly in regions of new settlement than in the European core.

Zonder onderwerpscode: economie

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In the Belle Époque, Belgium recorded an unprecedented trade boom, but growth in output per capita was lackluster. We seek to reconcile this ostensible paradox. Because of the sharp decline in both fixed and variable trade costs, the trade boom was as much about the expansion in the number of products delivered and markets served as it was about shipping more of the same old products. We use a new highly disaggregated data set on bilateral exports at the product level to illustrate these claims. In line with new trade theory, the effect of trade on productivity was mediated by sector-level firm heterogeneity and product differentiation. In new technology sectors, like tramways, the high degree of firm heterogeneity amplified the effect of trade on productivity. But in other sectors, mainly old staple industries like cotton textiles, a high level of firm uniformity muted the effect of trade. Into the twentieth century, old staples trumped new technology sectors, per capita income growing modestly as a result.

Zonder onderwerpscode: economie