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The rate of creation of reactive nitrogen (NR) on the earth has dramatically increased in the last half century mainly due to the production of N-fertilizer through the Haber-Bosch process, fossil fuel combustion, and the cultivation of plants that fix N from the atmosphere. The anthropogenic production of NR has been especially high in developed countries of the temperate zone, such as the USA and Canada, where severe eutrophication of estuaries and coastal zones, acidification of lakes and streams, loss of biodiversity, and reduced forest productivity have become common environmental problems associated with increasing nitrogen loads to ecosystems. However, important drivers responsible for the increase of the production of NR in the temperate zone are increasingly influencing the nitrogen cycle in rapidly developing regions of the world, such as the Tropics and Sub-Tropics, including most of the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. Advances in our understanding of the nitrogen cycle and the impact of anthropogenic activities on regional to global scales depend on the expansion of scientific studies to these fast-developing regions. This book presents a series of studies from across the Americas whose aim is to highlight key natural processes that control nitrogen cycling as well as discuss the main anthropogenic influences on the nitrogen cycle in both the tropical and temperate regions of the Americas.

Nitrogen cycle. --- Nutrient pollution of water. --- Lakes --- Nutrient pollution of rivers, lakes, etc. --- Rivers --- Water --- Biogeochemical cycles --- Nutrient pollution --- Pollution --- Ecology. --- Endangered ecosystems. --- Environmental toxicology. --- Ecosystems. --- Biogeosciences. --- Ecotoxicology. --- Ecotoxicology --- Pollutants --- Environmental health --- Toxicology --- Threatened ecosystems --- Biotic communities --- Nature conservation --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Ecology --- Ecology . --- Geobiology. --- Earth sciences --- Biosphere --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities

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Biogeography --- General ecology and biosociology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- biogeografie --- milieuzorg --- milieubeheer --- ecosystemen --- milieuanalyse

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Ecology. --- 504 --- 574 --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Environment. Environmental science --- General ecology. Biocoenology. Hydrobiology. Biogeography --- Ecology --- 574 General ecology. Biocoenology. Hydrobiology. Biogeography --- 504 Environment. Environmental science --- Environmental Sciences and Forestry. Ecology -- Ecology (General). --- General ecology and biosociology

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Ecology at the ecosystem level has both necessitated and benefited from new methods and technologies as well as those adapted from other disciplines. With the ascendancy of ecosystem science and management, the need has arisen for a comprehensive treatment of techniques used in this rapidly-growing field. Methods in Ecosystem Science answers that need by synthesizing the advantages, disadvantages and tradeoffs associated with the most commonly used techniques in both aquatic and terrestrial research. The book is divided into sections addressing carbon and energy dynamics, nutrient and water dynamics, manipulative ecosystem experiements and tools to synthesize our understanding of ecosystems. Detailed information about various methods will help researchers choose the most appropriate methods for their particular studies. Prominent scientists discuss how tools from a variety of disciplines can be used in ecosystem science at different scales.

General ecology and biosociology --- Ecology --- Ecologie --- Expérimentation --- experimentation --- Écologie --- ecology --- Écosystème --- ecosystems --- Technologie --- technology --- Changement technologique --- technological changes --- Cycle biogéochimique --- cycling --- Méthodologie --- methodology --- Productivité primaire --- primary productivity --- Matière organique du sol --- soil organic matter --- Cycle hydrologique --- hydrological cycle --- Modélisation environnementale --- Environmental modelling --- Life sciences. --- Ecology. --- Environmental management. --- Life Sciences. --- Environmental Management. --- experimentation. --- Ecology . --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Population biology