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In Pigments of English Medieval Wall Painting, Helen Howard demonstrates that the techniques of wall painting in medieval England were far more complex than had previously been supposed. This is the first systematic analysis of the pigments employed in medieval wall paintings in northern Europe, covering an extensive selection of schemes from a variety of sites including parish churches, cathedrals and abbeys (Canterbury, Westminster, Norwich, Winchester, St Albans, Sherborne and Durham). The nature and extent of the palette used is revealed as well as the sophistication with which pigments were applied to achieve differing effects. Thirty pigments are detected including four previously unknown in the context of English medieval wall paintings - vivianite, salt green, kermes lake and madder lake. Also discovered are three alterations of pigments: the lightening of red lead; alteration of vivianite to a yellow form and the transformation of verdigris to a blue chloride-based alteration product. The use of different binding media employed for particular pigments in a single paint layer demonstrates the complex manner in which paintings were executed. The findings, discussed in the context of wall painting, sculptural polychromy and panel painting techniques in medieval northern Europe, show the broad chronological development in the choice, fabrication and application of materials linked to changes in artistic intent, technology and workshop practice. Beautifully illustrated with more than 200 colour plates, Pigments of English Medieval Wall Painting has significant implications for the conservation methods of such paintings and is an important source of information for all those interested in pigments and paintings.

Peinture et décoration murales médiévales --- Pigments. --- Technique

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"In "Saga of Chief Joseph," Helen Addison Howard has written the definitive biography of the great Nez Perce chief, a diplomat among warriors. In times of war and peace, Chief Joseph exhibited gifts of the first rank as a leader for peace and tribal liberty. Following his people's internment in Indian Territory in 1877, Chief Joseph secured their release in 1885 and led them back to their home country. Fiercely principled, he never abandoned his quest to have his country, the Wallowa Valley, returned to its rightful owners. The struggle of the Nez Perces for the freedom they considered paramount in life constitutes one of the most dramatic episodes in Indian history. This completely revised edition of the author's 1941 version (titled War Chief Joseph) presents in exciting detail the full story of Chief Joseph, with a reevaluation of the five bands engaged in the Nez Perce War, told from the Indian, the white military, and the settler points of view. Especially valuable is the reappraisal, based on significant new material from Indian sources, of Joseph as a war leader. The new introduction by Nicole Tonkovich explores the continuing relevance of Chief Joseph and the lasting significance of Howard's work during the era of Angie Debo, Alice Marriott, and Muriel H. Wright."--Provided by publisher.

Nez Percé Indians --- Chopunnish Indians --- Nimapu Indians --- Nimiipu Indians --- Nimi'ipuu Indians --- Nimipu Indians --- Numiipu Indians --- Numipu Indians --- Indians of North America --- Shahaptian Indians --- Wars, 1877. --- Kings and rulers --- Wars --- Joseph --- Chief Joseph, --- Heinmah-Tooya-latkekht, --- Hin-mut-too-uah-lat-kekht, --- Hinmaton-yalaktit, --- Joseph, --- Thunder Rolling in the Mountains, --- Young Chief Joseph, --- Young Joseph,

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Chemistry.

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Specialty chemical technology

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Conservation. Restoration --- Painting --- Technique --- History --- Gemäldeuntersuchung. --- Målarkonst --- Bevarande och restaurering. --- Conservation and restoration --- Conservation and restoration. --- Expertising --- Expertising. --- Technique.