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écRIRE
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Year: 2001 Publisher: Pécs : Université de Pécs. UFR d'études francophones,

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Ecrire: acte du colloque international sur le rire, le comique et l'humour: les 16-17-18 mars 2000
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Year: 2001 Publisher: Pécs Université de Pecs. Faculté des Lettres

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Humour --- Littérature


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Ecrire : Actes du colloque international sur le rire, le comique et l'humour des 16, 17 et 18 mars 2000 à l'Université de Pécs (Hongrie)
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Year: 2001 Publisher: Pécs UFR d'études francophones - Université de Pécs

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L’intertexte à l’œuvre dans les littératures francophones
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
ISBN: 2867813042 9782867817182 9791030006742 Year: 2020 Publisher: Pessac : Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux,

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Le C.E.L.F.A. avait inscrit dans son programme quadriennal 1998-2002 un axe de recherches portant sur l’intertextualité. Deux journées d’études, tenues les 31 mars 2000 et 11 mai 2001, ont balisé le parcours de travail ; la plupart des textes publiés ici sont issus de communications présentées dans ce cadre. D’autres s’y sont adjoints, poursuivant la réflexion qui connaîtra, sinon un aboutissement, du moins une amplification certaine dans le colloque « L’entredire francophone » qui sera organisé les 12,13 et 14 décembre 2002 à Bordeaux. Le propos vise à scruter et privilégier le dialogue entre les différentes littératures francophones, l’hypothèse de départ étant que, dans cette ère postcoloniale, le maintien d’une pratique commune du français dans des espaces géographiques et culturels variés devrait permettre aux écrivains comme aux lecteurs de passer les frontières, dans tous sens et non plus seulement dans un tropisme ramenant à un centre français.


Dissertation
An analysis of the effects of the Stop Soros campaign on the 2018 general elections in Hungary. A case study of electoral mobilization

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This thesis assesses the Stop Soros negative campaign through applying the theory of reconstructive leadership to Prime Minister Viktor Orbán. More specifically, it looks at, if and how the Stop Soros campaign was used by the government party Fidesz to win the 2018 general elections in Hungary. The reason for researching this topic lies behind the emergence, and power centralization of Fidesz, especially of Prime Minister Viktor Orbán since 2010. Several scholars analysed how Fidesz and Orbán could still be re-elected for the fourth time, and for the third time in a row. Moreover, many have criticized the lack of action from the Hungarian opposition parties and the lack of intervention from the European Union’s side. While the constitutional and institutional changes taking place in the Hungarian system since 2010 certainly do matter, Viktor Orbán’s actions affected by his worldview have a long-term influence. The Stop Soros campaign has been used to such an intensity, and the Hungarian public’s fear towards migrants has grown to such an extent, that a deliberate intention behind it can be assumed. A time period had to be determined while considering the intensity of the campaign. Therefore, the start date of the evaluated period was the 2017 National Consultation on the Soros Plan, a questionnaire, through which the Hungarian public was directly approached by the Hungarian government. Looking at the Stop Soros campaign’s role in the 2018 general elections consequently marked the end date of the analysed period, as the 8th April 2018. Regarding the research methods, I conducted interviews with opposition party members, members of the European Parliament and a political scientist. In order to see the government’s perspective on the Stop Soros campaign, I did a discourse analysis of fifteen of Prime Minister Viktor Orbán’s speeches. The thesis findings confirmed the expectations. To be more specific, the conducted elite interviews showed that the Stop Soros campaign was indeed used for mobilizing the Fidesz electorate. Furthermore, the evaluation of Orbán’s speeches and interviews demonstrated the negative language and rhetoric used in regard to George Soros, the migrants, the European Union and external actors. These results were discussed in the light of reconstructive leadership, coming to the conclusion that, besides aiming to win the 2018 elections, Prime Minister Orbán also created a new political regime and social norms, which are anticipated to have long-term effects on the Hungarian society. Analysing this case hence provides an understanding of the use of negative campaigns exploited by leaders at election times. Having this knowledge will enable us all to view political campaigns with a critical eye, avoiding being manipulated. Within the analysis, the processes of the Stop Soros campaign were also identified as choosing an enemy, a target that can be attacked constantly, the intense use of negative rhetoric, communication with the public and the repetition of the future vision of the country. As it is demonstrated by the case of Hungary under Viktor Orbán’s leadership, the negative campaign seems to have resulted in restructuring social norms and expectations. Keywords: Stop Soros campaign, negative campaign, reconstructive leadership, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, Fidesz, 2018 general elections, electoral mobilization, Hungary

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