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The concept of symmetry is inherent to modern science, and its evolution has a complex history that richly exemplifies the dynamics of scientific change. This study is based on primary sources, presented in context: the authors examine closely the trajectory of the concept in the mathematical and scientific disciplines as well as its trajectory in art and architecture. The principal goal is to demonstrate that, despite the variety of usages in many different domains, there is a conceptual unity underlying the invocation of symmetry in the period from antiquity to the 1790s which is distinct from the scientific usages of this term that first emerged in France at the end of the 18th century. The key figure in revolutionizing the concept of symmetry is the mathematician, Adrien-Marie Legendre. His achievements in solid geometry (1794) are contrasted with the views of the philosopher, Immanuel Kant, on the directionality of space (1768).

Science --- Symmetry --- History. --- Aesthetics --- Proportion --- Architecture. --- Aesthetics. --- History of Science. --- Philosophy of Science. --- History of Mathematical Sciences. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Architectural History and Theory. --- Philosophy. --- Beautiful, The --- Beauty --- Esthetics --- Taste (Aesthetics) --- Philosophy --- Art --- Criticism --- Literature --- Architecture, Western (Western countries) --- Building design --- Buildings --- Construction --- Western architecture (Western countries) --- Building --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Psychology --- Design and construction --- Philosophy and science. --- Mathematics. --- Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Math --- Science and philosophy --- Architecture, Primitive --- Radio broadcasting Aesthetics

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Explanation

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Examines errors and failures in scientific experiments in order to shed light on science in general, the scientific method, and the way knowledge is pursued and generated.

Errors, Scientific --- Research --- Science --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Mistakes, Scientific --- Scientific errors --- Errors --- History --- Experiments --- Philosophy --- Philosophy of science --- Natural sciences

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This volume contains essays that examine the optical works of Giambattista Della Porta, an Italian natural philosopher during the Scientific Revolution. Coverage also explores the science and technology of early modern optics. Della Porta's groundbreaking book, Magia Naturalis (Natural Magic), includes a prototype of the camera. Yet, because of his obsession with magic, Della Porta's scientific achievements are often forgotten. As the contributors argue, his work inspired such great minds as Johanes Kepler and Francis Bacon. After reading this book, researchers, historians, and students will have a better appreciation of this influential scientist. They will also gain a greater understanding of an important period in the history of optics. Readers will learn about Della Porta's experimental method, a process governed by the protocols, aims, and theoretical assumptions of natural magic. Coverage also discusses the material properties and limitations of optical technology in the early 17th century, based on a recently discovered Dutch spyglass. It also demonstrates how diagrams were instrumental in the discovery of the sine law of refraction. In addition, the book includes an in-depth analysis of previously untranslated Latin sources. This makes the material useful to historians of optics unfamiliar with the language. More than 70 illustrations complement the text.

Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- Electromagnetism. Ferromagnetism --- History --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- geschiedenis --- elektrodynamica

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Mécanique analytique. --- Mécanique --- Philosophie des sciences. --- Physique --- Théorie de la connaissance. --- Positivisme. --- Pragmatisme (philosophie) --- Histoire. --- Philosophie.