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The Earth's human population is expected to pass eight billion by the year 2025, while rapid growth in the global economy will spur ever increasing demands for natural resources. The world will consequently face growing scarcities of such vital renewable resources as cropland, fresh water, and forests. Thomas Homer-Dixon argues in this sobering book that these environmental scarcities will have profound social consequences--contributing to insurrections, ethnic clashes, urban unrest, and other forms of civil violence, especially in the developing world. Homer-Dixon synthesizes work from a wide range of international research projects to develop a detailed model of the sources of environmental scarcity. He refers to water shortages in China, population growth in sub-Saharan Africa, and land distribution in Mexico, for example, to show that scarcities stem from the degradation and depletion of renewable resources, the increased demand for these resources, and/or their unequal distribution. He shows that these scarcities can lead to deepened poverty, large-scale migrations, sharpened social cleavages, and weakened institutions. And he describes the kinds of violence that can result from these social effects, arguing that conflicts in Chiapas, Mexico and ongoing turmoil in many African and Asian countries, for instance, are already partly a consequence of scarcity. Homer-Dixon is careful to point out that the effects of environmental scarcity are indirect and act in combination with other social, political, and economic stresses. He also acknowledges that human ingenuity can reduce the likelihood of conflict, particularly in countries with efficient markets, capable states, and an educated populace. But he argues that the violent consequences of scarcity should not be underestimated--especially when about half the world's population depends directly on local renewables for their day-to-day well-being. In the next decades, he writes, growing scarcities will affect billions of people with unprecedented severity and at an unparalleled scale and pace. Clearly written and forcefully argued, this book will become the standard work on the complex relationship between environmental scarcities and human violence.

Violence --- Social conflict --- Renewable natural resources --- Scarcity --- Conflits sociaux --- Ressources renouvelables --- Rareté (Economie politique) --- Environmental aspects --- Social aspects. --- Aspect de l'environnement --- Aspect social --- 838.1 Ecologie --- 835 Natuurlijke rijkdommen --- #SBIB:327.5H21 --- #SBIB:327.4H60 --- #SBIB:324H73 --- Vrede – oorlog, oorlogssituaties --- Derde wereld: ontwikkeling, sociale verandering: algemeen --- Politieke verandering: oppositie en minderheid, protest, politiek geweld --- Environmental degradation --- Social aspects --- Developing countries --- Environmental conditions. --- Rareté (Economie politique) --- Deficiency --- Shortages --- Natural resources, Renewable --- Renewable resources --- Resources, Renewable natural --- Degradation, Environmental --- Destruction, Environmental --- Deterioration, Environmental --- Environmental destruction --- Environmental deterioration --- Class conflict --- Class struggle --- Conflict, Social --- Social tensions --- Violent behavior --- Economic aspects --- Emerging nations --- Fourth World --- Global South --- LDC's --- Least developed countries --- Less developed countries --- Newly industrialized countries --- Newly industrializing countries --- NICs (Newly industrialized countries) --- Third World --- Underdeveloped areas --- Underdeveloped countries --- Natural resources --- Natural disasters --- Environmental quality --- Interpersonal conflict --- Social psychology --- Sociology

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Sustainable development. --- Environmental policy.

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Environmental policy --- Environmental responsibility --- Sustainable development

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Political sociology --- Politics