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This text addresses the central problem in anthropological theory of the late 1990s - the paradox that humans are both products of social discipline and creators of remarkable improvisation. Synthesizing theoretical contributions by Vygotsky, Bakhtin, and Bourdieu, the authors examine the processes by which people create, as well as enact, culturally scripted worlds and their places within them with their caring about the effects of their actions. They emphasize throughout that "identities" are not static but variable and interactive. The ethnographic illumination of this complex theoretical construction comes from vividly described fieldwork in vastly different microcultures: American college women entangled in romance; patients in US mental health facilities; Alcoholics Anonymous members; and women in patriarchal Hindu villages in central Nepal.

Identité (psychologie) --- Agent (philosophie) --- Culture --- Agent (philosophie) --- Culture

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In the fall of 1975 through the spring of 1977, as Grandin, an urban, public school in North Carolina, was desegregating, anthropologists Dorothy Holland, Margaret Eisenhart, Joe Harding, and Michael Livesay carried out an ethnographic study of the fifth and sixth grade classes. Their purpose was to understand how the students, teachers, administrators, parents, and other community members dealt with the requirement to desegregate their school. Originally published in 1978, their research relied on close-up methods that highlighted the interactional, cultural, and institutional processes of making race and race relations in the school. The book used the term "social race" to emphasize that race is a process. In today's expanded terminology, persons are raced (identified as racial) in social interactions and representations through positioning and discourse. Similarly race relations are made in day-to-day processes of interaction and meaning making. As a specific historical case, the context at Grandin cannot be generalized to contemporary educational settings. Much about public schools has changed since the 1970s. Nonetheless, forty years later, the barriers to more positive race relations are strikingly similar: fraught interactions across differences in interpersonal styles; symbolic encounters that mean different things to different groups; provocative, hurtful terminologies; a veneer of harmony that masks serious difficulties with conflict resolution; and a virtual lack of opportunity and skills for frank discussions about experiences of racism.

Segregation in education --- School integration --- Desegregation in education --- Education --- Integration in education --- School desegregation --- Magnet schools --- Race relations in school management --- School segregation --- Discrimination in education --- Integration --- Segregation --- North Carolina --- State of North Carolina --- Carolina del Norte --- NC --- N.C. (North Carolina) --- N. Car. --- Noord-Carolina --- Carolina d'o Norte --- Estato de Carolina d'o Norte --- Şimali Karolina --- Штат Паўночная Караліна --- Shtat Paŭnochnai︠a︡ Karalina --- Паўночная Караліна --- Paŭnochnai︠a︡ Karalina --- Not Carolina --- Sjeverna Carolina --- Carolina an Norzh --- Norzhkarolina --- Северна Каролина --- Severna Karolina --- Щат Северна Каролина --- Shtat Severna Karolina --- Carolina del Nord --- Çурçĕр Каролина --- Śurśĕr Karolina --- Severní Karolína --- Gogledd Carolina --- Náhookǫsjí Kééláanah Hahoodzo --- Põhja-Carolina --- Põhja-Carolina osariik --- Βόρεια Καρολίνα --- Voreia Karolina --- Πολιτεία της Βόρειας Καρολίνας --- Politeia tēs Voreias Karolinas --- Estado de Carolina del Norte --- Norda Karolino --- Ipar Carolina --- Caroline du Nord --- Noard Karolina --- Carolina Thuaidh --- Carolina Hwoaie --- Poyraz Karolina --- Carolina a Tuath --- Ар Карелайн --- Ar Karelaĭn --- Norda-Karolina --- Nort Kárólínạ --- Carolina Utara --- Negara Bagian Carolina Utara --- Kaaruuliinaa tunuviaq --- Nigiq Carolina --- Цæгат Каролинæ --- T︠S︡ægat Karolinæ --- Norður-Karólína --- קרוליינה הצפונית --- Ḳarolinah ha-Tsefonit --- Karolina Gledh --- Karolin dinò --- Karolînaya Bakur --- Йыдвел Каролина --- Ĭydvel Karolina --- Province of North Carolina --- Race relations