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By the time the French entered Algiers, the Haramayn was by far the largest public foundation in town. Administering not only the endowments for the benefits of the poor of the "haramayn"--The two Holy Cities of Islam - but also endowments for the four mosques and a group of endowments for the poor of Algiers, the Haramayn controlled close to 1750 properties. The development of this important institution, which was virtually non-existent some 200 years earlier, its expansion, its administration, the evolution of its patrimony, its policies concerning the management of its assets and its various functions, are all discussed in this study, against a background of the history of the town of Algiers. Highlighting legal, social, economic and political aspects of the waaf institution, this book should be of interest to historians of the Ottoman Empire, and Ottoman Algeria in particular, as well as social and economic historians of the pre-modern period.

Charitable uses, trusts, and foundations (Islamic law)

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Challenging conventional assumptions, the contributors to this interdisciplinary volume argue that premodern Muslim societies had diverse and changing varieties of public spheres, constructed according to premises different from those of Western societies. The public sphere, conceptualized as a separate and autonomous sphere between the official and private, is used to shed new light on familiar topics in Islamic history, such as the role of the shari`a (Islamic religious law), the `ulama' (Islamic scholars), schools of law, Sufi brotherhoods, the Islamic endowment institution, and the relationship between power and culture, rulers and community, from the ninth to twentieth centuries.

Islam --- Islamic sociology. --- Islam and justice. --- Islam and state. --- Muslim sociology --- Sociology, Islamic --- Sociology --- Mosque and state --- State and Islam --- State, The --- Ummah (Islam) --- Justice and Islam --- Justice --- Essence, genius, nature.