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Commercial policy. --- Service industries --- Terms of trade. --- Marketing.

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Foreign trade policy --- Regionalism --- Free trade --- International economic integration --- Regionalism. --- International economic integration. --- Aussenhandelspräferenz / Aussenhandelsliberalisierung / Ägypten / Tunesien / EU-Staaten / Welt. --- Regionalisme. --- Internationale samenwerking. --- Handelsverdragen. --- Régionalisme. --- Intégration économique internationale. --- Libre-échange --- Relations économiques internationales. --- European Economic Community. --- 00/06/1996. --- Mediterranean Region --- Egypt --- Europese Unie. --- Égypte --- Méditerranée (région) --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Egypte --- Accords commerciaux. --- Relations économiques extérieures --- Free trade - Egypt --- Free trade - Europe --- Free trade - Mediterranean Région --- International economic relations. --- Communauté européenne. --- Égypte --- Accords commerciaux préférentiels. --- Economic conditions. --- Economic conditions --- Intégration économique internationale --- Régionalisme. --- Intégration économique internationale --- Libre-échange --- Relations économiques internationales. --- Communauté européenne. --- Méditerranée (région) --- Accords commerciaux préférentiels.

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"Trade preferences are a central issue in ongoing efforts to negotiate further multilateral trade liberalization. "Less preferred" countries are increasingly concerned about the discrimination they confront, while "more preferred" developing countries worry that WTO-based liberalization of trade will erode the value of current preferential access regimes. This tension suggests there is a political economy case for preference-granting countries to explicitly address erosion fears. The authors argue that the appropriate instrument for this is development assistance. The alternative of addressing erosion concerns through the trading system will generate additional discrimination and trade distortions, rather than moving the WTO toward a more liberal, non-discriminatory regime. They further argue that prospective losses generated by most-favored-nation liberalization should be quantified on a bilateral basis, using methods that estimate what the associated transfer should have been and ignoring the various factors that reduce their value in practice (such as compliance costs or the fact that part of the rents created by preference programs accrue to importers in OECD countries). Given that many poor countries have not been able to benefit much from preference programs, a case is also made that preference erosion should be considered as part of a broader response by OECD countries to calls to make the trading system more supportive of economic development. The focus should be on identifying actions and policy measures that will improve the ability of developing countries to use trade for development. "--World Bank web site.

Economic assistance. --- Free trade. --- Tariff preferences. --- World Trade Organization.

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How to implement trade liberalization as part of a strategy for alleviating poverty in Developing countries.

Free trade --- International trade. --- Poverty --- Economic aspects --- Developing countries --- Commercial policy.

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"Trade preferences are a central issue in ongoing efforts to negotiate further multilateral trade liberalization. "Less preferred" countries are increasingly concerned about the discrimination they confront, while "more preferred" developing countries worry that WTO-based liberalization of trade will erode the value of current preferential access regimes. This tension suggests there is a political economy case for preference-granting countries to explicitly address erosion fears. The authors argue that the appropriate instrument for this is development assistance. The alternative of addressing erosion concerns through the trading system will generate additional discrimination and trade distortions, rather than moving the WTO toward a more liberal, non-discriminatory regime. They further argue that prospective losses generated by most-favored-nation liberalization should be quantified on a bilateral basis, using methods that estimate what the associated transfer should have been and ignoring the various factors that reduce their value in practice (such as compliance costs or the fact that part of the rents created by preference programs accrue to importers in OECD countries). Given that many poor countries have not been able to benefit much from preference programs, a case is also made that preference erosion should be considered as part of a broader response by OECD countries to calls to make the trading system more supportive of economic development. The focus should be on identifying actions and policy measures that will improve the ability of developing countries to use trade for development. "--World Bank web site.

Economic assistance. --- Free trade. --- Tariff preferences. --- World Trade Organization.