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This book brings together in one place David Hitchcock’s most significant published articles on reasoning and argument. In seven new chapters he updates his thinking in the light of subsequent scholarship. Collectively, the papers articulate a distinctive position in the philosophy of argumentation. Among other things, the author: • develops an account of “material consequence” that permits evaluation of inferences without problematic postulation of unstated premises. • updates his recursive definition of argument that accommodates chaining and embedding of arguments and allows any type of illocutionary act to be a conclusion. • advances a general theory of relevance. • provides comprehensive frameworks for evaluating inferences in reasoning by analogy, means-end reasoning, and appeals to considerations or criteria. • argues that none of the forms of arguing ad hominem is a fallacy. • describes proven methods of teaching critical thinking effectively.
Philosophy. --- Philology. --- Logic. --- Language and languages --- Literacy. --- Philosophy of Language. --- Classical Studies. --- Reasoning. --- Critical thinking. --- Critical reflection --- Reflection (Critical thinking) --- Reflection process --- Reflective thinking --- Thinking, Critical --- Thinking, Reflective --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Ratiocination --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Methodology --- Reflective learning --- Reason --- Judgment (Logic) --- Logic --- Linguistics --- Illiteracy --- Education --- General education --- Language and languages—Philosophy. --- History, Ancient. --- Ancient history --- Ancient world history --- World history
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This book brings together in one place David Hitchcock’s most significant published articles on reasoning and argument. In seven new chapters he updates his thinking in the light of subsequent scholarship. Collectively, the papers articulate a distinctive position in the philosophy of argumentation. Among other things, the author: • develops an account of “material consequence” that permits evaluation of inferences without problematic postulation of unstated premises. • updates his recursive definition of argument that accommodates chaining and embedding of arguments and allows any type of illocutionary act to be a conclusion. • advances a general theory of relevance. • provides comprehensive frameworks for evaluating inferences in reasoning by analogy, means-end reasoning, and appeals to considerations or criteria. • argues that none of the forms of arguing ad hominem is a fallacy. • describes proven methods of teaching critical thinking effectively.
Philosophy --- Logic --- Educational systems. Teaching systems --- Philosophy of language --- Linguistics --- Literature --- studiesysteem --- geletterdheid --- filosofie --- linguïstiek --- taalfilosofie --- literatuurwetenschap --- logica
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Patent literature --- Patent searching --- Patent searching --- Computer network resources
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In The Uses of Argument, first published in 1958, Stephen Toulmin proposed a new model for the layout of arguments, with six components: claim, data, warrant, qualifier, rebuttal, backing. Toulmin’s model has been appropriated, adapted and extended by researchers in the fields of speech communications, philosophy and artificial intelligence. The present volume aims to bring together the best contemporary reflection in these fields on the Toulmin model and its current appropriation. The volume includes 24 articles by 27 scholars from 10 countries. All the essays are newly written, have been selected from among those received in response to a call for papers, and have been revised extensively in response to referees’ comments. They are not exegetical but substantive, extending or challenging Toulmin’s ideas in ways that make fresh contributions to the theory of analysing and evaluating arguments. Collectively, they represent the only comprehensive book-length study of the Toulmin model. They point the way to new developments in the theory of argument, including a typology of warrants, a comprehensive theory of defeaters, a rapprochement with formal logic, and a turn from propositions to speech acts as the constituents of argument.
Logic. --- Reasoning. --- Toulmin, Stephen, --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Methodology --- Ratiocination --- Reason --- Judgment (Logic) --- Logic --- Genetic epistemology. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Epistemology. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Developmental psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge
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Telecommunication technology --- computernetwerken --- Business --- Computer networks --- International business enterprises --- Electronic data interchange --- Data processing --- Communication systems --- Business - Data processing --- International business enterprises - European Economic Community countries - Communication systems - Data processing --- Electronic data interchange - European Economic Community countries
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In The Uses of Argument, first published in 1958, Stephen Toulmin proposed a new model for the layout of arguments, with six components: claim, data, warrant, qualifier, rebuttal, backing. Toulmin's model has been appropriated, adapted and extended by researchers in the fields of speech communications, philosophy and artificial intelligence. The present volume aims to bring together the best contemporary reflection in these fields on the Toulmin model and its current appropriation. The volume includes 24 articles by 27 scholars from 10 countries. All the essays are newly written, have been selected from among those received in response to a call for papers, and have been revised extensively in response to referees' comments. They are not exegetical but substantive, extending or challenging Toulmin's ideas in ways that make fresh contributions to the theory of analysing and evaluating arguments. Collectively, they represent the only comprehensive book-length study of the Toulmin model. They point the way to new developments in the theory of argument, including a typology of warrants, a comprehensive theory of defeaters, a rapprochement with formal logic, and a turn from propositions to speech acts as the constituents of argument.
Logic. --- Reasoning. --- Toulmin, Stephen Edelston. --- Toulmin, Stephen,
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The first social and cultural history of vagrancy between 1650 and 1750, this book combines sources from across England and the Atlantic world to describe the shifting and desperate experiences of the very poorest and most marginalized of people in early modernity; the outcasts, the wandering destitute, the disabled veteran, the aged labourer, the solitary pregnant woman on the road and those referred to as vagabonds and beggars are all explored in this comprehensive account of the subject. Using a rich array of archival and literary sources, Vagrancy in English Culture and Society, 1650-1750 offers a history not only of the experiences of vagrants themselves, but also of how the settled 'better sort' perceived vagrancy, how it was culturally represented in both popular and elite literature as a shadowy underworld of dissembling rogues, gypsies, and pedlars, and how these representations powerfully affected the lives of vagrants themselves.Hitchcock's is an important study for all scholars and students interested in the social and cultural history of early modern England.
Vagrancy --- Rogues and vagabonds in literature --- Vagrancy in literature --- Vagabondage --- Crime --- Begging --- History --- Gesellschaft. --- Kultur. --- Landstreicher. --- Landstreicherei. --- Pauvres --- Pauvreté. --- Rogues and vagabonds in literature. --- Vagrancy in literature. --- Vagrancy. --- Histoire --- 1600-1799. --- Angleterre (Grande-Bretagne). --- Great Britain. --- Gro�britannien.
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Theory of knowledge --- Logic --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- epistomologie --- kennisleer --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- logica --- robots
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