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Disease-based medical care expenditure indexes are currently of interest to measurement economists. In this paper, using two data sources and two different methods for calculating disease-based expenditure indexes for the Medicare population, we establish some results that will help guide policymakers in choosing indexes for this population. First, we find that the two methods we examine (primary diagnosis and a regression-based method) produce the same results for the aggregate index and have a moderate level of agreement in which diseases contribute the most to growth in per capita health-care spending. Since the primary diagnosis method is preferable because of its transparency, this result implies that we may use the regression-based method when the data is not suitable for the primary diagnosis method without a great loss of accuracy. Second, we find that the two data sources, the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey and the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, produce very similar results in the aggregate but there is some evidence that they treat chronic illnesses differently. As the MCBS has a larger sample and more comprehensive coverage of Medicare beneficiaries than the MEPS, it seems that a regression-based expenditure index based on the MCBS is overall preferable for fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries.

Zonder onderwerpscode: economie

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This paper presents experimental tables created by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis comparing industry-specific shares of the components of total output of globally engaged firms located in the United States that are part of a multinational enterprise with those of firms that are part of an enterprise entirely located in the United States. Recent research has shown both the importance of accounting for trade in value added when estimating bilateral trade flows and that multinational enterprises located in the United States account for the lion's share of U.S. trade in goods and services. However, trade in value added is typically accounted for using input-output tables that are aggregated across all types of firms. The experimental tables are consistent with other research showing that value added as a share of output is lower for foreign-owned firms compared with domestic-owned firms and that exports and imports as a share of output is larger for foreign-owned firms. We also find heterogeneity in the composition of output among different types of domestic-owned firms. Future work will analyze this heterogeneity in more detail using establishment-level data on production and trade.

Zonder onderwerpscode: economie

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This paper presents experimental trade-in-value added statistics estimated from extended supply-use tables (SUTs) for the United States for 2005 and 2012 that account for firm heterogeneity. We also present preliminary output from a microdata linking project between the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and the U.S. Census Bureau on the U.S. semiconductor and other electronic components manufacturing industry to show how different firm characteristics account for heterogeneity. Our experimental results show that imported content of exports as a share of exports varies notably by firm-type within most industries, and that the imported content of exports is concentrated in a few industries, the largest being petroleum manufacturing. Despite the dominance that U.S. and foreign multinational enterprises (MNEs) have over trade transactions, both MNEs and non-MNEs make significant contributions to the content of U.S. exports. Estimates based on our microdata linking project suggest that production patterns by ownership, firm size class, and export intensity each exhibit firm heterogeneity to some extent. The ownership criterion best identifies heterogeneity in the value added share of production among the three criteria, while firm size class identifies heterogeneity in the export share of production better than the ownership criterion.