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Draw In Order to See' is the first book to survey the history of architectural design using the latest research in neuroscience and embodied cognition.0At present, among the dozens of books on architectural drawing, design theory, methodologies, model making, CAAD, and planning, there is no book that specifically looks at the history of representation as a reflection of cognitive habits among individuals and groups of architects. As a historian and a practicing architect, Mark Hewitt has a unique point of view, that has enabled him to study the design practices of many architects during various eras, beginning in the Renaissance and stretching into the late 20th century. Hewitt has dedicated more than 30 years to writing about the process of conception (or visualisation) of buildings in the brain. Researchers on that subject now consistently cite one of his earliest studies on drawings and modes of conception.0This book pursues that line of inquiry with the new discoveries about visual perception, cognition and embodiment that have revolutionised brain science. Hewitt believes that looking historically at how architects have designed, a brain-based practice developed during and after the Renaissance, once drawings became sophisticated enough to provide feedback for perception and memory in the cortex. His contention is that disegno, as invented in Italy during the time of Leonardo and Michelangelo, initiated that system, and that it was translated into a curriculum during the rise of Beaux Arts institutions prior to the 1920s, after which the Bauhaus system replaced it completely with what we have today.

72.012/013 --- 72.02 --- 741 --- Architectonisch ontwerp --- Architectuurontwerp --- Architectuurtekenen --- Architectuurtekeningen --- Tekenkunst --- Architectural design --- Architectural drawing --- Drawing --- Perspective --- Architecture --- History --- Psychological aspects --- Technique --- architectural drawings [visual works] --- architectural education --- architectural theory --- Architectural design - History --- Architectural design - Psychological aspects --- Drawing - Technique --- Architecture - History --- Ontwerp (architectuur) --- Dessin d'architecture --- Architectural design. --- Architectural drawing. --- Architecture. --- Perspective. --- History. --- Psychological aspects. --- Technique.

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Humanity is deeply committed to living along the world's shores, but a catastrophic storm like Sandy-which took hundreds of lives and caused many billions of dollars in damages-shines a bright light at how costly and vulnerable life on a shoreline can be. Taking Chances offers a wide-ranging exploration of the diverse challenges of Sandy and asks if this massive event will really change how coastal living and development is managed. Bringing together leading researchers-including biologists, urban planners, utilities experts, and climatologists, among others-Taking Chances illuminates reactions to the dangers revealed by Sandy. Focusing on New Jersey, New York, and other hard-hit areas, the contributors explore whether Hurricane Sandy has indeed transformed our perceptions of coastal hazards, if we have made radically new plans in response to Sandy, and what we think should be done over the long run to improve coastal resilience. Surprisingly, one essay notes that while a large majority of New Jerseyans identified Sandy with climate change and favored carefully assessing the likelihood of damage from future storms before rebuilding the Shore, their political leaders quickly poured millions into reconstruction. Indeed, much here is disquieting. One contributor points out that investors scared off from further investments on the shore are quickly replaced by new investors, sustaining or increasing the overall human exposure to risk. Likewise, a study of the Gowanus Canal area of Brooklyn shows that, even after Sandy swamped the area with toxic flood waters, plans to convert abandoned industrial lots around the canal into high-density condominiums went on undeterred. By contrast, utilities, emergency officials, and others who routinely make long-term plans have changed operations in response to the storm, and provide examples of adaptation in the face of climate change. Will Sandy be a tipping point in coastal policy debates-or simply dismissed as a once-in-a-century anomaly? This thought-provoking collection of essays in Taking Chances makes an important contribution to this debate.

Coastal zone management --- Hurricanes --- Hurricane Sandy, 2012. --- Coast ecosystem management --- Coastal ecosystem management --- Coastal management --- Coastal resource management --- Coastal resources management --- Coastal zone ecosystem management --- Coasts --- CRM (Coastal resource management) --- Zone management, Coastal --- Ecosystem management --- Natural resources --- Regional planning --- Coastal engineering --- Cyclones --- Sandy, Hurricane, 2012 --- Superstorm Sandy, 2012 --- Environmental aspects --- Management