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This portfolio review examines the design features of World Bank interventions operating at the intersection of climate-migration-development with the aim to draw actionable insights and recommendations. The review identifies 165 projects against a set of mobility-related keywords with commitments totaling to USd 197.5 billion for the period from 2006 to 2019 classified into two thematic categories: migration-focused projects that cater specifically to migrants, refugees, displaced, or the host-communities as their beneficiaries; and development focused projects which have a broader remit but include within its components a focus on mobility. The Inter-Governmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC) risk framework is used to assess how project interventions can be effective and deliver durable outcomes-through cross-learning across the two categories of projects. Climate change is emerging as a potent driver of mobility-immobility dynamics, and it carries wider development implications that cannot be ignored. The World Bank flagship report Groundswell: Preparing for Internal Climate Migration (Rigaud and others 2018) projects that by 2050 just over 143 million people across Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and South Asia could be forced to move within their own countries to escape the slow onset impacts of climate change. The review underscores the wealth of good practice that can inform projects to innovate and devise more integrative solution by sharpening attention to underlying causes of migration along with immediate and urgent needs of the stakeholders; and where possible to design interventions that are proactive in anticipating future climate risks from slow- and rapid-onset climate impacts.

Adaptation To Climate Change --- Climate Change --- Climate Change and Environment --- Climate Change Impacts --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Development Economics and Aid Effectiveness --- Environment --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Migration --- Poverty Reduction

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This report brings a much-needed focus to the nexus between climate change, migration and developmentin three regions: Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and Latin America. Its startling conclusion is that theymay have to cope with more than 143 million internal climate migrants by 2050 unless concerted actionis taken at the national and global levels.Internal, rather than cross-border, migration is the report’s central focus for good reasons. There is growingrecognition among researchers that more people will move within national borders to escape the effects ofslow-onset climate change, such as droughts, crop failure, and rising seas.The number of climate migrants could be reduced by tens of millions as a result of global action to reducegreenhouse gas emissions and with far-sighted development planning. There is an opportunity now to planand act for emerging climate change threats.