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Book
Russian social media influence : understanding Russian propaganda in Eastern Europe
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0833099604 9780833099600 9780833099570 0833099574 Year: 2018 Publisher: Santa Monica, California : RAND Corporation,

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Abstract

"A RAND Corporation study examined Russian-language content on social media and the broader propaganda threat posed to the region of former Soviet states that include Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, and, to a lesser extent, Moldova and Belarus. In addition to employing a state-funded multilingual television network, operating various Kremlin-supporting news websites, and working through several constellations of Russia-backed "civil society" organizations, Russia employs a sophisticated social media campaign that includes news tweets, nonattributed comments on web pages, troll and bot social media accounts, and fake hashtag and Twitter campaigns. Nowhere is this threat more tangible than in Ukraine, which has been an active propaganda battleground since the 2014 Ukrainian revolution. Other countries in the region look at Russia's actions and annexation of Crimea and recognize the need to pay careful attention to Russia's propaganda campaign. To conduct this study, RAND researchers employed a mixed-methods approach that used careful quantitative analysis of social media data to understand the scope of Russian social media campaigns combined with interviews with regional experts and U.S. and North Atlantic Treaty Organization security experts to understand the critical ingredients to countering this campaign."--Publisher's description.

Keywords

Information warfare --- Social media --- Propaganda, Russian --- Russian propaganda --- User-generated media --- Communication --- User-generated content --- Military art and science --- Russia $9 eng --- Ukraine --- social media --- access to information --- political propaganda --- πολιτική προπαγάνδα --- poliitiline propaganda --- politische Propaganda --- propagandë politike --- propagande politique --- propagandă politică --- politinė propaganda --- politička propaganda --- poliittinen propaganda --- propaganda polityczna --- propaganda politica --- propaganda politika --- politiskā propaganda --- политическа пропаганда --- propaganda política --- politická propaganda --- politična propaganda --- политичка пропаганда --- politisk propaganda --- politieke propaganda --- politikai propaganda --- пропаганда --- propaganda --- prístup k informáciám --- pristup informacijama --- acceso a la información --- Informationszugang --- info kättesaadavus --- accesso all'informazione --- információkhoz való hozzáférés --- prieiga prie informacijos --- пристап до информации --- acesso à informação --- zpřístupňování informací --- dostęp do informacji --- adgang til information --- acces la informație --- pieeja informācijai --- достъп до информация --- toegang tot de informatie --- πρόσβαση στην πληροφορία --- tietojen saatavuus --- tillgång till information --- приступ информацијама --- akses në informacion --- aċċess għall-informazzjoni --- accès à l'information --- dostop do informacij --- free movement of information --- circulación de la información --- slobodný pohyb informácií --- проток на информации --- információk szabad áramlása --- pohyb informace --- Informationsfluss --- tietojen vapaa liikkuvuus --- κυκλοφορία των πληροφοριών --- informație publică --- nyilvános információk --- teabe vaba liikumine --- közérdekű információk --- Information der Öffentlichkeit --- informação do público --- julkiset tiedot --- public information --- avalik teave --- nevaržomas informacijos judėjimas --- javna informacija --- slobodan pristup informacijama --- informacijos prieinamumas --- circulatie van informatie --- circolazione delle informazioni --- információk szabad mozgása --- slobodno širenje informacija --- viešoji informacija --- qarkullim i lirë i informacionit --- veřejná informace --- pristup podacima --- trasmissione delle informazioni --- laisvas informacijos judėjimas --- informācijas brīva aprite --- publiska informācija --- слободен пристап до информации --- circulation de l'information --- libera circulație a informației --- слободно ширење информации --- informim publik --- circulação da informação --- verejné informácie --- médias sociaux --- sociální média --- обществени медии --- друштвени медиуми --- soziale Medien --- medios sociales --- družbeni mediji --- sociālie mediji --- media sociais --- sosiaalisen median väline --- media społecznościowe --- na meáin shóisialta --- sociala medier --- sociale medier --- közösségi média --- sociale media --- μέσα κοινωνικής δικτύωσης --- društveni mediji --- sotsiaalmeedia --- sociálne médiá --- media soċjali --- media sociali --- mijloace de comunicare sociale --- socialinė žiniasklaida --- mjetet e komunikimit social --- друштвени медији --- social network --- дружбени медиуми --- média social --- platformă (de comunicare) socială --- réseaux sociaux --- midja soċjali --- mezzi ta' komunikazzjoni soċjali --- sociālie plašsaziņas līdzekļi --- suhtlusmeedia --- ühismeedia --- sociální médium --- socialiniai tinklai --- rede social --- media sociale --- μέσο κοινωνικής δικτύωσης --- réseau social --- platforma społecznościowa --- Social Media --- družbeni medij --- medium soċjali --- socialt netværk --- sociálne médium --- redes sociales --- друштвена мрежа --- mezzi tax-xandir soċjali --- közösségi médium --- социјални медиуми --- social medium --- обществена медия --- социална мрежа --- sosiaalinen media --- медиуми за општење --- redes sociais --- Ukraina --- Ukrajna --- l-Ukraina --- Украйна --- die Ukraine --- Ucrânia --- An Úcráin --- Украина --- Ucraina --- Ουκρανία --- Украјина --- Ukrajina --- Ucrania --- Oekraïne --- Republiek Oekraïne --- República da Ucrânia --- Република Украина --- Δημοκρατία της Ουκρανίας --- bolscaireacht pholaitíochta --- rochtain ar fhaisnéis


Book
A Compendium of Recommendations for Countering Russian and Other State-Sponsored Propaganda
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Santa Monica, Calif. RAND Corporation

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Abstract

Researchers and policy analysts have authored a large number of studies and reports that offer recommendations for countering Russian influence and disinformation campaigns. The large number of reports and even larger number of specific policy recommendations make it difficult for policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders to gather, read, and digest the full slate of reporting. To help these audiences make sense of the large array of counterdisinformation recommendations, the authors of this report coded recommendations in 64 other policy reports on countering Russian and other state-sponsored propaganda. The major categories identified and coded were social media platform policies, U.S. and allied government policies, coordination recommendations, awareness and education recommendations, and recommendations for supporting various media and media content.

Keywords

Steeling the mind : combat stress reactions and their implications for urban warfare
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0833037021 9786613909732 1283597284 0833040561 9780833040565 9780833037022 9781283597289 6613909734 9780833040572 083304057X 9781598754247 1598754246 9780833036544 0833036548 1283597373 9781283597371 9786613909824 6613909823 Year: 2004 Publisher: Santa Monica, CA : Rand Arroyo Center,

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Describes the known precipitants of combat stress reaction, its battlefield treatment, and the preventive steps commanders can take to limit its extent and severity.


Book
Countering foreign interference in U.S. elections
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Santa Monica, Calif. RAND Corporation

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This report is the fourth in a four-part series aimed at helping policymakers and the public understand—and mitigate—the threat of online foreign interference in national, state, and local elections. During future U.S. political campaigns, Russia might try again to manipulate and divide U.S. voters via social media. Given the past and likely extant threats to U.S. elections, the California Governor's Office of Emergency Services asked for research to help analyze, forecast, and mitigate threats by foreign actors targeting local, state, and national elections. This report first describes research from focus groups and individual interviews on how people respond to memes sourced in Russia that were designed to breed dissension and to a public service announcement (PSA) warning about such online manipulation, then outlines a strategy to counter foreign interference in U.S. elections. The authors posit that adversaries are trying to exploit fault lines that already exist within U.S. society. These efforts could be effectively countered by collecting open-source intelligence on social media; releasing a simple, well-designed PSA for use during election cycles that warns the public about strategic threats targeting U.S. elections; and coordinating with social media companies to flag the source of foreign political content.


Book
Enlisting Madison Avenue : the marketing approach to earning popular support in theaters of operation
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 0833041568 9786611181154 1281181153 0833042750 9780833042750 9781281181152 9780833041562 6611181156 Year: 2007 Publisher: Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation,

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Virtually every action, message, and decision of a military force shapes the opinions of an indigenous population: strategic communication, treatment of civilians at vehicle checkpoints, and the accuracy or inaccuracy of aerial bombardment. Themes of U.S. goodwill mean little if its actions convey otherwise. Consequently, a unified message in both word and deed is fundamental to success. Business marketing practices provide a useful framework for improving U.S. military efforts to shape the attitudes and behaviors of local populations in a theater of operations as well as those of a broader, i


Book
Advising the command : best practices from the Special Operation's advisory experience in Afghanistan
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0833093339 0833088912 9780833093332 9780833088918 Year: 2015 Publisher: Santa Monica, California : Rand

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"Special Operators assigned to Special Operations Advisory Groups advise the commanders and staff of the Afghan Special Security Forces. Drawing on in-depth interviews with these personnel, this report identifies best practices for operational level advising. Topics addressed include rapport building, the advising engagement, integration, sustainability, pre-deployment training, and continuity of operations"--Publisher's description.

Keywords

Military assistance, American --- Military education --- Consultants --- Special operations (Military science) --- Armies --- Military & Naval Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Armed Forces --- American military assistance --- Unconventional warfare --- Advisors --- Army schools --- Education, Military --- Military art and science --- Military schools --- Military training --- Schools, Military --- Study and teaching --- Raids (Military science) --- Specialists --- Education --- United States --- Military relations --- military advisors --- ABŞ --- ABSh --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- America (Republic) --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- Amerika (Republic) --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi︠a︡vks Shtattnė --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Amirika Carékat --- AQSh --- Ar. ha-B. --- Arhab --- Artsot ha-Berit --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Bí-kok --- Ē.P.A. --- EE.UU. --- Egyesült Államok --- ĒPA --- Estados Unidos --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- Estados Unidos de América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- Forente stater --- FS --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Istadus Unidus --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Mei guo --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mî-koet --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miguk --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- S.U.A. --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- SASht --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Si︠e︡vero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si︠e︡vernoĭ Ameriki --- Spojené obce severoamerické --- Spojené staty americké --- SShA --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Stati Uniti --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Stâts Unîts --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- SUA (Stati Uniti d'America) --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- U.S. --- U.S.A. --- United States of America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- US --- USA --- Usono --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- Verenigde Staten --- VS --- VSA --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Yhdysvallat --- Yunaeted Stet --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- Zʹi︠e︡dnani Derz︠h︡avy Ameryky --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Zluchanyi︠a︡ Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz︠h︡avy --- ZSA --- Η.Π.Α. --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής --- Америка (Republic) --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- Америкӑри Пӗрлешӳллӗ Штатсем --- САЩ --- Съединените щати --- Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі --- ولايات المتحدة --- ولايات المتّحدة الأمريكيّة --- ولايات المتحدة الامريكية --- 미국 --- États-Unis --- É.-U. --- ÉU


Book
Countering Violent Extremism in the U.S. Military
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Santa Monica, Calif. RAND Corporation

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To support the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD)'s efforts to counter extremism in its ranks, the authors considered how a terrorism prevention or countering violent extremism framework might address the issue. They offer intervention initiatives that DoD might consider adopting. They also review the terrorism prevention framework as it has been applied in the U.S. civilian sector and focus on initiatives that might be relevant and adaptable to the military context. This review highlights broader evidence for such initiatives, places the initiatives in the context of the radicalization process and in the context of other such initiatives, and offers at least a cursory review of the evidence base for interventions.

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Book
China's Role in the Global Development of Critical Resources: Case Studies in Coal Power, Electricity Transmission, and Seabed Mining
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: RAND Corporation

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China's extensive and expanding foreign investment and financing activities over the past two decades have garnered substantial attention and raised several concerns. Such concerns are diverse and include (1) paying insufficient attention to internal politics, global relations, environmental regulations and controls, and human rights, worker safety, and health records of host nations; (2) engaging in unfair contracting practices; (3) using overseas investments and financing to attain access and influence in strategic locations; and (4) using disinformation to influence markets. For this report, the authors examined Chinese foreign investments and financing in critical resources and energy infrastructure for evidence of these types of behaviors. They used a case-study approach in which they examined investments and financing in coal power plants in Indonesia, Pakistan, and South Africa; electricity transmission and distribution infrastructure associated with the global energy interconnection initiative in Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Peru, and Mexico; and seabed mining globally. The objective of the research was to characterize Chinese foreign investments and financing in critical resources and energy infrastructure, emphasizing the extent to which Chinese investors engaged in any of these concerning behaviors, and to develop recommendations to build capacity among host nations to diversify their sources of investment and financing in order to minimize the potential negative impacts of an overreliance on Chinese investments and financing. The research did not turn up many clear examples of such behaviors, but the authors identified several other topics of concern that have important implications for host nations.

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Book
Foreign Interference in the 2020 Election: Tools for Detecting Online Election Interference
Authors: --- --- ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Santa Monica, Calif. RAND Corporation

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Given past threats to U.S. elections, it is possible that foreign actors will again try to influence the U.S. political campaign season of 2020 via social media. This report, the second in a series on information efforts by foreign actors, lays out the advocacy communities on Twitter that researchers identified as arguing about the election. It goes on to describe what appears to be an instance of election interference in these communities using trolls (fake personas spreading a variety of hyperpartisan themes) and superconnectors (highly networked accounts that can spread messages effectively and quickly). Although the origin of the accounts could not be identified definitively, this interference serves Russia's interests and matches Russia's interference playbook. The report describes the methods used to identify the questionable accounts and offers recommendations for response.

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Book
Do National Security Communication Campaigns Work? Taking a Lesson from the Public Health Sector
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: RAND Corporation

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Communication campaigns seek to change audiences' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors by disseminating core message themes through various media channels, such as television, radio, print, and social media. Campaigns focused on national security that are conducted by U.S. government agencies can be hard to evaluate because of factors including unstable or violent conditions and political sensitivities. As a consequence, there is little rigorous analysis of what contributes to a successful campaign. In contrast, communication campaigns have long been used in the public health field, and a large number of evaluations have used sophisticated methods to assess campaign effectiveness. Through a systematic review of 41 meta-analytic and systematic reviews of public health communication campaigns focused on mass media or social marketing, the authors explored the components of successful campaigns and whether target audiences' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors changed. They identified insights relevant to the design and execution of campaigns focused on national security, such as the inform, influence, and persuade campaigns conducted by the U.S. Army's psychological operations forces in support of U.S. overseas contingency operations.

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