Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Many Asian countries (such as China, Singapore, Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, India, and the Philippines) will experience a significant aging of their populations during the next several decades. This paper explores how these aging Asian countries are addressing and anticipating the challenges of an aging society. It suggests that Asia's preparedness for an aging population is decidedly mixed. While growth policies have been successful, much work is still needed in many countries to establish an adequate and farsighted policy framework in the areas of pensions, health insurance, and labor market policies.

Age distribution (Demography) -- Asia. --- Electronic books. -- local. --- Population aging -- Asia. --- Social Welfare & Social Work --- Social Sciences --- Gerontology --- Population aging --- Age distribution (Demography) --- Distribution, Age (Demography) --- Aging of population --- Aging population --- Aging society --- Demographic aging --- Graying (Demography) --- Greying (Demography) --- Age --- Age groups --- Vital statistics --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Health Policy --- Demography --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Demographic Economics: General --- Analysis of Health Care Markets --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Population & demography --- Health systems & services --- Public finance & taxation --- Aging --- Population and demographics --- Health care --- Income --- Social assistance spending --- Population --- Medical care --- Expenditures, Public --- China, People's Republic of

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The paper assesses the government expenditure effects from changing demographics in the Asian “Tiger” economies through 2050. With some exceptions, their limited social insurance commitments initially suggest that aging populations may not adversely affect fiscal balances. Yet for all the Tigers, changing illness patterns and medical modernization may combine with demographics to intensify budgetary pressures. The paper notes the implications of the Tigers’ reliance on private sector pension and medical insurance systems; the need for an active public role; and the complications for fiscal analysis when private sector instruments are used, in a mandatory way, as public policy instruments.

Labor --- Public Finance --- Health Policy --- Demography --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- National Government Expenditures and Education --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Private Pensions --- Demographic Economics: General --- Analysis of Health Care Markets --- Population & demography --- Pensions --- Health systems & services --- Aging --- Pension spending --- Population and demographics --- Health care --- Expenditure --- Health --- Population aging --- Population --- Medical care --- China, People's Republic of

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper argues that there are significant risks, limitations, and complications associated with reliance upon mandatory DC, fully funded schemes as the dominant public pension pillar. Policies to limit risks may result in the government being reinjected into playing an important financial role in the provision of social insurance. For many countries, the principal source of old age support should thus derive from a well-formulated, public DB pillar, with a significant amount of prefunding. A DC/FF pillar can play a useful supplemental role in a multi-pillar system for the accumulation of pension savings.

Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Demography --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Private Pensions --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Pensions --- Population & demography --- Civil service & public sector --- Public finance & taxation --- Pension spending --- Income --- Aging --- Public sector --- Expenditure --- National accounts --- Social assistance spending --- Population and demographics --- Population aging --- Finance, Public --- Expenditures, Public --- Singapore

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper provides a perspective on how the IMF assesses a “sound fiscal policy,” focusing principally on industrial and emerging market economies. It observes six central criteria: the short-term fiscal policy stance, with greater emphasis on automatic stabilizers than discretionary fiscal policy; relevance of medium- and sometimes long-term issues; fiscal sustainability; capacity for aggregate fiscal policy implementation (including political economy factors); structural content of fiscal policy (tax efficiency and public expenditure quality); and institutional, governance, and process issues associated with budget implementation and revenue collection. Greater emphasis could be placed on an adequate margin to deal with uncertain long-term challenges.

Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Fiscal Policy --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Public finance & taxation --- Fiscal policy --- Fiscal stance --- Expenditure --- Public debt --- Fiscal sustainability --- Expenditures, Public --- Debts, Public --- Japan

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book offers an overview of the information on the state-of-the-art of analysis, measurement, and assessment of the performance of concentrated solar power (CSP) components and systems in a comprehensive, compact, and complete manner. Following an introductory chapter to CSP systems and the fundamental principles of performance assessment, individual chapters explore the component performance of mirrors and receivers. Further expert-written chapters look at system performance assessment, durability testing, and solar resource forecasting for CSP systems. A final chapter gives an outlook on the actual methods and instruments for performance and durability assessment that are under development.