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In this age of DNA computers and artificial intelligence, information is becoming disembodied even as the "bodies" that once carried it vanish into virtuality. While some marvel at these changes, envisioning consciousness downloaded into a computer or humans "beamed" Star Trek-style, others view them with horror, seeing monsters brooding in the machines. In How We Became Posthuman, N. Katherine Hayles separates hype from fact, investigating the fate of embodiment in an information age. Hayles relates three interwoven stories: how information lost its body, that is, how it came to be conceptualized as an entity separate from the material forms that carry it; the cultural and technological construction of the cyborg; and the dismantling of the liberal humanist "subject" in cybernetic discourse, along with the emergence of the "posthuman."

Réalité virtuelle --- Artificial intelligence. --- Cybernetics. --- Computer science. --- Virtual reality. --- Virtual reality in literature. --- Dans la littérature --- 82:62 --- Literatuur en technologie --- 82:62 Literatuur en technologie --- Cybernétique --- Réalité virtuelle --- 82-3 --- 82-3 Proza. Fictie. Narratologie --- Proza. Fictie. Narratologie --- Artificial intelligence --- Computer science --- Cybernetics --- Virtual reality --- Virtual reality in literature --- Environments, Virtual --- Virtual environments --- Virtual worlds --- Computer simulation --- Reality --- Mechanical brains --- Control theory --- Electronics --- System theory --- Informatics --- Science --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- Thematology --- Intelligence artificielle --- Dans la littérature. --- 82-3 Fiction. Prose narrative --- Fiction. Prose narrative --- Société numérique --- Informatique --- Média --- Dans la littérature.

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Cognition. --- Cognition --- Sociotechnical systems. --- Subconsciousness. --- Cognition in literature. --- Social aspects. --- Philosophy. --- Sociotechnical systems --- Subconsciousness --- Cognition in literature

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The scientific discovery that chaotic systems embody deep structures of order is one of such wide-ranging implications that it has attracted attention across a spectrum of disciplines, including the humanities. In this volume, fourteen theorists explore the significance for literary and cultural studies of the new paradigm of chaotics, forging connections between contemporary literature and the science of chaos. They examine how changing ideas of order and disorder enable new readings of scientific and literary texts, from Newton's Principia to Ruskin's autobiography, from Victorian serial fiction to Borges's short stories. N. Katherine Hayles traces shifts in meaning that chaos has undergone within the Western tradition, suggesting that the science of chaos articulates categories that cannot be assimilated into the traditional dichotomy of order and disorder. She and her contributors take the relation between order and disorder as a theme and develop its implications for understanding texts, metaphors, metafiction, audience response, and the process of interpretation itself. Their innovative and diverse work opens the interdisciplinary field of chaotics to literary inquiry.

Literature, Modern --- Chaotic behavior in systems in literature --- Literature and science --- History and criticism

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Fascinée par ce qu'elle considère comme des similarités troublantes entre les théories littéraires et les modèles scientifiques contemporains, et forte d'une double compétence dans ces deux domaines, N. Katherine Hayles étudie les convergences entre littérature, science et technologie. Plus précisément, ses recherches se sont orientées vers les nouveaux médias, et s'inscrivent pleinement dans le champ des (post)humanités numériques dont elle est l'une des théoriciennes américaines les plus influentes. Dans le présent essai, elle s'interroge sur la nécessité d'une pensée du code en tant qu'il structure notre vision du monde au même titre que la parole et l'écriture.

Langage --- Sémiologie de l'image --- Langage de programmation --- Communication --- Perception