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In Nonplussed!, popular-math writer Julian Havil delighted readers with a mind-boggling array of implausible yet true mathematical paradoxes. Now Havil is back with Impossible?, another marvelous medley of the utterly confusing, profound, and unbelievable--and all of it mathematically irrefutable. Whenever Forty-second Street in New York is temporarily closed, traffic doesn't gridlock but flows more smoothly--why is that? Or consider that cities that build new roads can experience dramatic increases in traffic congestion--how is this possible? What does the game show Let's Make A Deal reveal about the unexpected hazards of decision-making? What can the game of cricket teach us about the surprising behavior of the law of averages? These are some of the counterintuitive mathematical occurrences that readers encounter in Impossible? ? Havil ventures further than ever into territory where intuition can lead one astray. He gathers entertaining problems from probability and statistics along with an eclectic variety of conundrums and puzzlers from other areas of mathematics, including classics of abstract math like the Banach-Tarski paradox. These problems range in difficulty from easy to highly challenging, yet they can be tackled by anyone with a background in calculus. And the fascinating history and personalities associated with many of the problems are included with their mathematical proofs. Impossible? will delight anyone who wants to have their reason thoroughly confounded in the most astonishing and unpredictable ways.

Mathematics --- Paradox --- Problem solving --- Methodology --- Psychology --- Decision making --- Executive functions (Neuropsychology) --- Figures of speech --- Logic --- Contradiction --- Mathematics.

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John Napier (1550-1617) is celebrated today as the man who invented logarithms-an enormous intellectual achievement that would soon lead to the development of their mechanical equivalent in the slide rule: the two would serve humanity as the principal means of calculation until the mid-1970s. Yet, despite Napier's pioneering efforts, his life and work have not attracted detailed modern scrutiny. John Napier is the first contemporary biography to take an in-depth look at the multiple facets of Napier's story: his privileged position as the eighth Laird of Merchiston and the son of influential Scottish landowners; his reputation as a magician who dabbled in alchemy; his interest in agriculture; his involvement with a notorious outlaw; his staunch anti-Catholic beliefs; his interactions with such peers as Henry Briggs, Johannes Kepler, and Tycho Brahe; and, most notably, his estimable mathematical legacy.Julian Havil explores Napier's original development of logarithms, the motivations for his approach, and the reasons behind certain adjustments to them. Napier's inventive mathematical ideas also include formulas for solving spherical triangles, "Napier's Bones" (a more basic but extremely popular alternative device for calculation), and the use of decimal notation for fractions and binary arithmetic. Havil also considers Napier's study of the Book of Revelation, which led to his prediction of the Apocalypse in his first book, A Plaine Discovery of the Whole Revelation of St. John-the work for which Napier believed he would be most remembered.John Napier assesses one man's life and the lasting influence of his advancements on the mathematical sciences and beyond.

Mathematicians --- Logarithms. --- Scientists --- Logs (Logarithms) --- Algebra --- Napier, John, --- Scotland. --- Caledonia --- Ecosse --- Schotland --- Scotia --- Škotska --- Sŭkʻotʻŭlland --- Great Britain

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Gegenstand des Buches ist die Lösung einer Reihe von überraschenden mathematischen Aussagen, die leicht zu formulieren sind, die man kaum glaubt (weil sie paradox erscheinen), aber dennoch beweisen kann. Dabei werden elementare Methoden der Kombinatorik, Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung, Statistik, Geometrie und Analysis angewendet werden. Das Ziel des Buches besteht darin, dem mathematisch interessierten Leser eine Reihe von kontraintuitiven Aussagen vorzuführen und eingehend zu analysieren. Diese Paradoxa kommen aus verschiedenen Bereichen der Mathematik, wobei jedoch Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung und Statistik überwiegen. Behandelt werden u.a. das Geburtstagsparadoxon, Conways Chequerboard-Armee, Torricellis Trompete, nichttransitive Effekte, Verfolgungsprobleme, Parrondo-Spiele, Freitag, der 13., und Fractran. Der Autor baut in jedem Kapitel rund um das jeweilige Paradoxon einen Spannungsbogen auf, der sich im Laufe des Kapitels auf überraschende Weise löst. Zahlreiche Abbildungen und Tabellen illustrieren die Problemstellungen und die wesentlichen Lösungsschritte. Das Buch ist so angelegt, dass es für mathematisch Interessierte mit Oberstufenkenntnissen zugänglich ist.

Combinatorial analysis. --- Distribution (Probability theory) --- Mathematics --- History.

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Mathematics

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Mathematics