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"The purpose of this study was to examine the self-talk of elite triathletes during acompetition. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate possible differences in content and frequencyin self-talk during a triathlon competition among elite and club triathletes. Participantswere ten members of the Norwegian triathlon national team as well as ten triathletescompeting at Norwegian club level. The competition consisted of an indoor sprint-distance triathlon (a 750 m pool swim leg, a 20 km ergometer cycling leg, and a 5 km treadmill run leg).Self-talk content and frequency were measured using a Norwegian version of the AutomaticSelf-Talk Questionnaire for Sports (ASTQS). Overall, results showed that all athletes reportedmore positive than negative self-talk during competition. Moreover, elite athletes reportedmore confidence-inducing self-talk compared to the club level athletes during the swim. Thefindings also indicated that elite athletes were more able than club athletes to maintain higherlevels of positive self-talk during the latter stages of the competition (5 km run). This tendencywas reversed regarding negative self-talk. Elite athletes reported less negative self-talk comparedto club level athletes towards the end of the competition."

Psychology --- soccer referee --- penalty kick --- expert panel --- incorrect refereeing --- fotballdommer --- straffespark --- ekspertpanel --- feildømming

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

"The purpose of this study was to examine the self-talk of elite triathletes during acompetition. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate possible differences in content and frequencyin self-talk during a triathlon competition among elite and club triathletes. Participantswere ten members of the Norwegian triathlon national team as well as ten triathletescompeting at Norwegian club level. The competition consisted of an indoor sprint-distance triathlon (a 750 m pool swim leg, a 20 km ergometer cycling leg, and a 5 km treadmill run leg).Self-talk content and frequency were measured using a Norwegian version of the AutomaticSelf-Talk Questionnaire for Sports (ASTQS). Overall, results showed that all athletes reportedmore positive than negative self-talk during competition. Moreover, elite athletes reportedmore confidence-inducing self-talk compared to the club level athletes during the swim. Thefindings also indicated that elite athletes were more able than club athletes to maintain higherlevels of positive self-talk during the latter stages of the competition (5 km run). This tendencywas reversed regarding negative self-talk. Elite athletes reported less negative self-talk comparedto club level athletes towards the end of the competition."

Psychology --- soccer referee --- penalty kick --- expert panel --- incorrect refereeing --- fotballdommer --- straffespark --- ekspertpanel --- feildømming --- soccer referee --- penalty kick --- expert panel --- incorrect refereeing --- fotballdommer --- straffespark --- ekspertpanel --- feildømming