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One of the early set of reforms that South Africa embarked on after emerging from apartheid was in the water sector, following a remarkable, consultative process. The policy and legal reforms were comprehensive and covered almost all aspects of water management including revolutionary changes in defining and allocating rights to water, radical reforms in water management and supply institutions, the introduction of the protection of environmental flows, and major shifts in charging for water use and in the provision of free basic water. Over ten years of implementation of these policy and legislative changes mean that valu­able lessons have already been learned and useful experiences gained in the challenge of effective water resources management and water services provision in a middle income country. Transforming Water Management in South Africa analyses and documents these experiences for the benefit of water managers and policy makers in the country, the developing world and the international community at large.

Water resources development -- South Africa. --- Water-supply -- Government policy -- South Africa. --- Water-supply -- South Africa -- Management. --- Business & Economics --- Agricultural Economics --- Economic History --- Water resources development --- Water-supply --- Watersheds --- Municipal water supply --- Watershed management --- Government policy --- Law and legislation --- Watershed development --- Cities and towns --- Urban water --- Water, Municipal --- Water, Urban --- Availability, Water --- Water availability --- Water resources --- Management --- Environmental management. --- Environmental law. --- Environmental policy. --- Sustainable development. --- Development economics. --- Agricultural economics. --- Environmental economics. --- Economics. --- Environmental Economics. --- Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management. --- Agricultural Economics. --- Environmental Law/Policy/Ecojustice. --- Sustainable Development. --- Development Economics. --- Ecosystem management --- Municipal engineering --- Natural resources --- Public utilities --- Water utilities --- Energy development --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Environment law --- Environmental control --- Environmental protection --- Environmental quality --- Environmental policy --- Law --- Agrarian question --- Agribusiness --- Agricultural economics --- Agricultural production economics --- Agriculture --- Production economics, Agricultural --- Land use, Rural --- Economics --- Environmental aspects --- Economic aspects --- Environment and state --- Environmental management --- State and environment --- Environmental auditing --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences

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"The pressure on an already stressed water situation in South Africa is predicted to increase significantly under climate change, plans for large industrial expansion, observed rapid urbanization, and government programs to provide access to water to millions of previously excluded people. The present study employed a general equilibrium approach to examine the economy-wide impacts of selected macro and water related policy reforms on water use and allocation, rural livelihoods, and the economy at large. The analyses reveal that implicit crop-level water quotas reduce the amount of irrigated land allocated to higher-value horticultural crops and create higher shadow rents for production of lower-value, water-intensive field crops, such as sugarcane and fodder. Accordingly, liberalizing local water allocation in irrigation agriculture is found to work in favor of higher-value crops, and expand agricultural production and exports and farm employment. Allowing for water trade between irrigation and non-agricultural uses fueled by higher competition for water from industrial expansion and urbanization leads to greater water shadow prices for irrigation water with reduced income and employment benefits to rural households and higher gains for non-agricultural households. The analyses show difficult tradeoffs between general economic gains and higher water prices, making irrigation subsidies difficult to justify. "--World Bank web site.

South Africa --- Water-supply --- Economic conditions.

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This report on natural resource and environmental accounting in one of the world’s least developed zones is predicated on a wealth approach to sustainable development that recognizes the need for information on all of a nation’s assets, including, for example, potable water, as well as how these might change or evolve over time. Under these criteria, a nation that manages its natural wealth intelligently may actually increase its net natural assets. Namibia’s wildlife reserves have an ongoing and evolving value far in excess of their commodity value as a source of meat, or even of ivory. Thus, this volume assesses how effectively polities in southern and eastern Africa have implemented the more complex set of metrics that make up the UN’s Integrated System of Environmental and Economic Accounts (SEEA), which replaced the former System of National Accounts—a measure of production alone. Leaving aside human and social capital for a future volume, the book should be viewed as a crucial first step in developing indicators for total wealth in the countries covered by the case studies, which include Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Mozambique and South Africa. These case studies experiment with implementing the SEAA in sub-Saharan nations known to suffer from the ‘resource curse’: their wealth in resources and commodities has allowed inflows of liquidity, yet this cash has not funded crucial developments in infrastructure or education. What’s more, resource-driven economies are highly vulnerable to commodity price mutability. The new measures of wealth deployed here offer more hope for the future in these countries than they themselves would once have allowed for.

Economics --- Methodology of economics --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- Developing countries: economic development problems --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Business economics --- Business management --- financieel management --- bedrijfseconomie --- economie --- ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- milieuzorg --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- Natural resources --- Environmental auditing --- Sustainable development --- Accounting

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Offering a cross-country examination and comparison of drought awareness and experience, this book shows how scientists, water managers, and policy makers approach drought and water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions of Spain, Mexico, Australia, South Africa and the United States.   Efficiently mitigating or coping with the effects of drought requires an understanding of the biophysical aspects of drought, including the hydrologic and ecologic elements, as well as the technical, economic, and policy aspects.  Therefore, the editors have gathered an international group of expert contributors from a wide span of disciplines, including agronomy, ecology, economics, hydrology and irrigation technology. The book arises from a 2010 conference entitled International Drought Symposium: Integrating Science and Policy, which was organized by the Water Science and Policy Center at the University of California-Riverside.   The contents are organized in broad sections: Agronomy, Irrigation Technology, and Water Supply; Ecological Impacts of Drought; Hydrology and Water Resource Systems; Economic Considerations and Drought and Water Management and Policy. The concluding section provides an in-depth comparison of drought experiences, descriptions and methods highlighting different approaches and experiences from integral disciplines across a multitude of countries. It is the editors’ intention to enhance our understanding of the ways that physical, institutional and economic factors impact the effectiveness of one policy instrument relative to another.   Drought in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Multi-Disciplinary and Cross-Country Perspective goes a long way toward improving our fundamental understanding of the interactions between physical impacts of drought, and the effectiveness of mitigation policies on the economic consequences of droughts.

Droughts --- Drought management --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Meteorology & Climatology --- Droughts. --- Arid regions. --- Arid lands --- Arid zones --- Dry lands --- Dryland regions --- Drylands --- Lands, Arid --- Regions, Arid --- Regions, Semiarid --- Semi-arid regions --- Semi-arid zones --- Semiarid regions --- Sub-humid lands --- Zones, Arid --- Drought --- Drouth --- Drouths --- Environment. --- Business. --- Management science. --- Engineering geology. --- Engineering --- Foundations. --- Hydraulics. --- Climate change. --- Environmental economics. --- Climate Change. --- Environmental Economics. --- Business and Management, general. --- Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics. --- Geology. --- Weather --- Extreme environments --- Climatic changes. --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Trade --- Economics --- Management --- Commerce --- Industrial management --- Environmental quality --- Environmental aspects --- Economic aspects --- Engineering—Geology. --- Flow of water --- Water --- Hydraulic engineering --- Jets --- Architecture --- Building --- Structural engineering --- Underground construction --- Caissons --- Earthwork --- Masonry --- Soil consolidation --- Soil mechanics --- Walls --- Civil engineering --- Geology, Economic --- Quantitative business analysis --- Problem solving --- Operations research --- Statistical decision --- Flow --- Distribution --- Details --- Geology --- Global environmental change

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Offering a cross-country examination and comparison of drought awareness and experience, this book shows how scientists, water managers, and policy makers approach drought and water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions of Spain, Mexico, Australia, South Africa and the United States.   Efficiently mitigating or coping with the effects of drought requires an understanding of the biophysical aspects of drought, including the hydrologic and ecologic elements, as well as the technical, economic, and policy aspects.  Therefore, the editors have gathered an international group of expert contributors from a wide span of disciplines, including agronomy, ecology, economics, hydrology and irrigation technology. The book arises from a 2010 conference entitled International Drought Symposium: Integrating Science and Policy, which was organized by the Water Science and Policy Center at the University of California-Riverside.   The contents are organized in broad sections: Agronomy, Irrigation Technology, and Water Supply; Ecological Impacts of Drought; Hydrology and Water Resource Systems; Economic Considerations and Drought and Water Management and Policy. The concluding section provides an in-depth comparison of drought experiences, descriptions and methods highlighting different approaches and experiences from integral disciplines across a multitude of countries. It is the editors’ intention to enhance our understanding of the ways that physical, institutional and economic factors impact the effectiveness of one policy instrument relative to another.   Drought in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Multi-Disciplinary and Cross-Country Perspective goes a long way toward improving our fundamental understanding of the interactions between physical impacts of drought, and the effectiveness of mitigation policies on the economic consequences of droughts.

Methodology of economics --- Economics --- Meteorology. Climatology --- Hydraulic energy --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Business economics --- Structural parts and elements of building --- opwarming (milieu) --- funderingen --- duurzame energie --- economie --- milieuzorg --- hydraulica --- klimaatverandering