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The Ethnic Penalty argues that a penalty has impeded the occupational success of ethnic minorities during the job search, hiring and promotion process. In this context, the book examines whether explanatory factors such as discrimination, an individual's social network, a firm's working culture, and a community's social trust are major contributing reasons behind this apparent penalty, whilst also making suggestions for improvement for visible ethnic minorities.

Labor market -- Ontario -- Toronto. --- Minorities -- Ontario -- Toronto. --- Occupations -- Ontario -- Toronto. --- Occupations --- Minorities --- Labor market --- Business & Economics --- Demography --- Employees --- Market, Labor --- Supply and demand for labor --- Ethnic minorities --- Foreign population --- Minority groups --- Career patterns --- Careers --- Jobs --- Trades --- Supply and demand --- Markets --- Persons --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Discrimination --- Ethnic relations --- Majorities --- Plebiscite --- Race relations --- Segregation --- Vocational guidance --- Work

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As China becomes increasingly integrated into the global system, the pressure to acknowledge and engage with Non-Governmental Organizations will continue to rise. This book provides an urgent insight into how state authorities are currently interacting with NGOs. It brings together the most recent research covering three broad themes, namely the conceptualizations and subsequent functions of NGOs; state-NGO engagement; and NGOs as a mediator between state and society in contemporary China. It provides a future glimpse into the practices and challenges of NGO and state interactions in China's rapidly developing regions, which will aid NGOs strategic planning in both the short- and long-term.

Non-governmental organizations

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"The modern Chinese state has traditionally affected every major aspect of domestic society. With the growing liberalization of the economy, coupled with increasingly complex social issues, there is a belief that the state is retreating from an array of social problems from health to the environment. Yet, a survey of China's contemporary political landscape today reveals not only a central state which plays an active role in managing social problems, but also new state actors at the local level which are increasingly seeking to partner with various non-governmental organizations or social associations. This book looks at how NGOs, social organizations, business associations, trade unions, and religious associations interact with the state, and explores how social actors have negotiated the influence of the state at both national and local levels. It further examines how a corporatist understanding of state-society relations can be reformulated, as old and new social stakeholders play a greater role in managing contemporary social issues. The book goes on to chart the differences in how the state behaves locally and centrally, and finally discusses the future direction of the corporatist state. Drawing on a range of sources from recent fieldwork and the latest data, this timely collection will appeal to students and scholars working in the fields of Chinese politics, Chinese economics and Chinese society"--

Corporate state --- China --- Social policy.