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In this book the author presents two important findings revealed by high-precision magnetic penetration depth measurements in iron-based superconductors which exhibit high-transition temperature superconductivity up to 55 K: one is the fact that the superconducting gap structure in iron-based superconductors depends on a detailed electronic structure of individual materials, and the other is the first strong evidence for the presence of a quantum critical point (QCP) beneath the superconducting dome of iron-based superconductors. The magnetic penetration depth is a powerful probe to elucidate the superconducting gap structure which is intimately related to the pairing mechanism of superconductivity. The author discusses the possible gap structure of individual iron-based superconductors by comparing the gap structure obtained from the penetration depth measurements with theoretical predictions, indicating that the non-universal superconducting gap structure in iron-pnictides can be interpreted in the framework of A1g symmetry. This result imposes a strong constraint on the pairing mechanism of iron-based superconductors. The author also shows clear evidence for the quantum criticality inside the superconducting dome from the absolute zero-temperature penetration depth measurements as a function of chemical composition. A sharp peak of the penetration depth at a certain composition demonstrates pronounced quantum fluctuations associated with the QCP, which separates two distinct superconducting phases. This gives the first convincing signature of a second-order quantum phase transition deep inside the superconducting dome, which may address a key question on the general phase diagram of unconventional superconductivity in the vicinity of a QCP.

Superconductivity. --- Superconductors -- Industrial applications. --- Superconductors -- Research -- History. --- Superconductivity --- Iron-based superconductors --- High temperature superconductors --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Electricity & Magnetism --- High temperature superconductors. --- Physics. --- Quantum physics. --- Superconductors. --- Magnetism. --- Magnetic materials. --- Strongly Correlated Systems, Superconductivity. --- Quantum Physics. --- Magnetism, Magnetic Materials. --- Electric conductivity --- Critical currents --- Superfluidity --- Materials at low temperatures --- Superconductors --- Quantum theory. --- Mathematical physics --- Electricity --- Magnetics --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Materials --- Superconducting materials --- Superconductive devices --- Cryoelectronics --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics

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