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Scientology --- Controversial literature --- Hubbard, L. Ron
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The empirical evidence of the economic benefits of different utilities such as electricity, telecommunications and water is mixed and, in the case of micro and small enterprises, relatively thin. This paper therefore revisits this issue. Based on a unique, albeit cross-sectional, micro data set of informal firms in West-Africa, we find hardly any evidence for a significant contribution of access to different infrastructure services on enterprise performance. This absence of a systematic influence is attributed to the large heterogeneity of activities, motives and resources with which these informal firms operate. However, concentrating on a more homogenous sample of tailors in Ouagadougou, we find that their performance is positively influenced by access to electricity. In conclusion, our findings stress the heterogeneity of the informal sector, implying that a 'one-size-fits all' approach to the development of this sector is of little help.
Access of Poor to Social Services --- Civic Participation and Corporate Governance --- E-Business --- Energy --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Informal Sector --- Infrastructure --- Microenterprises --- Poverty Reduction --- Private Sector Development --- Small and Medium Size Enterprises
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This paper assesses how household context and characteristics shape the welfare trajectory and more specifically the accumulation of productive assets among beneficiaries of the Vision 2020 Umurenge Programme in Rwanda, the government's flagship social assistance program. The analysis is based on a unique data set combining panel household survey data with in-depth qualitative interviews of a subsample of male and female beneficiaries from the survey data collected between 2009 and 2015. By combining quantitative and qualitative information, the paper draws a more nuanced picture of how household characteristics-structural and temporal-contextualize opportunities for poor men and women and their households and shape how well they can leverage access to the Vision 2020 Umurenge Programme to accumulate productive assets. The mixed method analysis reveals that household composition, gender power dynamics, disability, care responsibilities, marital arrangements, intrahousehold communication, and access to other social programs and institutions play a crucial role in access to the Vision 2020 Umurenge Programme and related asset accumulation. The findings suggest that households would benefit from a broader definition of the eligibility criteria and the availability of flexible and complementary programming, to reap the benefits of the income transfer received from the program.
Disability --- Economics and Gender --- Gender --- Gender and Economic Policy --- Gender and Economics --- Gender and Poverty --- Household Context --- Inequality --- Labor Markets --- Labor Policies --- Livestock and Animal Husbandry --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Mixed Method Analysis --- Rural Development --- Rural Labor Markets --- Social Protection
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Psychosekten --- Schulen --- Roman
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Deutschland --- Haus der Demokratie --- Scientology --- Rechtsstaat --- Europa --- den USA
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Scientology --- Justiz --- Medien --- Terror --- Zabel & Schmitt --- Kunstsprache --- Heilung von Krankheiten --- Selbstmord --- Kinder --- Wirtschaft --- U-MAN --- On-Top --- Der Weg zum Glücklichsein --- Medizin --- den USA
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Scientology --- Organisation --- Wirtschaft --- Kursen --- Reinigungs-Rundown --- Auditing --- Ethik --- Macht --- WISE --- CHOICE International --- Hubbard-Techniken --- ISO 9001 --- Geschäftsideologie --- Justiz
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