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Charity Law and the Liberal State considers questions relating to state action and public discourse that are raised by the law of charity. Informed by liberal philosophical commitments and of interest to both charity lawyers and political philosophers, it addresses themes and topics such as: the justifiability of the state's non-neutral promotion of charitable purposes; the role of altruism in charity law; charity law, the tax system and the demands of distributive justice; the proper treatment of religious and political purposes in charity law; and the appropriate response of the liberal state to discrimination in the pursuit of charitable purposes.

Charity laws and legislation. --- Charitable uses, trusts, and foundations. --- Charities. --- Alms and almsgiving --- Benevolent institutions --- Charitable institutions --- Charities --- Endowed charities --- Institutions, Charitable and philanthropic --- Philanthropy --- Poor relief --- Private nonprofit social work --- Relief (Aid) --- Social welfare --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Poor --- Social service --- Endowments --- Charitable remainder trusts --- Charitable uses, trusts, and foundations --- Donations --- Charity laws and legislation --- Juristic persons --- Trusts and trustees --- Uses (Law) --- Charitable bequests --- Law, Charity --- Poor laws --- Societies, etc. --- Services for --- Law and legislation

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Inspired by recent debate, the purpose of this collection of essays on private law doctrines, remedies and methods is to celebrate and illustrate the contribution that both 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' methods of reasoning make to the development of private law. The contributors explore a variety of topical subjects, including judicial approaches to 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' methods; teaching trusts law; the protection of privacy in private law; the development of the law of unjust enrichment; the private law consequences of theft; equity's jurisdiction to relieve against forfeiture; the nature of fiduciary relationships and obligations; the duties of trustees; compensation and disgorgement remedies; partial rescission; the role of unconscionability in proprietary estoppel; and the nature of registered title to land.

Civil law. --- Law, Civil --- Private law --- Roman law --- Comparative law. --- Comparative jurisprudence --- Comparative legislation --- Jurisprudence, Comparative --- Law, Comparative --- Legislation, Comparative --- Law --- General and Others

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This paper provides an analysis of the role of prices in determining food purchases and nutrition using very detailed transaction-level observations for a large, nationally-representative sample of US consumers over the period 2002-2007. Using product- specific nutritional information, we develop a new method of partitioning the product space into relevant nutritional clusters that define a set of nutritionally-bundled goods, which parsimoniously characterize consumer choice sets. We then estimate a large utility-derived demand system over this joint product-nutrient space that allows us to calculate price and expenditure elasticities. Using our structural demand estimates, we simulate the role of product taxes on soda, sugar-sweetened beverages, packaged meals, and snacks, and nutrient taxes on fat, salt, and sugar. We find that a 20% nutrient tax has a significantly larger impact on nutrition than an equivalent product tax, due to the fact that these are broader-based taxes. However, the costs of these taxes in terms of consumer utility are not higher. A sugar tax in particular is a powerful tool to induce healthier nutritive bundles among consumers.

Zonder onderwerpscode: economie

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This paper provides an analysis of the role of prices in determining food purchases and nutrition using very detailed transaction-level observations for a large, nationally-representative sample of US consumers over the period 2002-2007. Using product- specific nutritional information, we develop a new method of partitioning the product space into relevant nutritional clusters that define a set of nutritionally-bundled goods, which parsimoniously characterize consumer choice sets. We then estimate a large utility-derived demand system over this joint product-nutrient space that allows us to calculate price and expenditure elasticities. Using our structural demand estimates, we simulate the role of product taxes on soda, sugar-sweetened beverages, packaged meals, and snacks, and nutrient taxes on fat, salt, and sugar. We find that a 20% nutrient tax has a significantly larger impact on nutrition than an equivalent product tax, due to the fact that these are broader-based taxes. However, the costs of these taxes in terms of consumer utility are not higher. A sugar tax in particular is a powerful tool to induce healthier nutritive bundles among consumers.