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Abstract: This paper discusses the importance of acknowledging and understanding the heterogeneity among cooperatives. Many studies on agricultural cooperatives, particularly on the impact of membership, do not account for the large differences in organisational and functional characteristics across cooperatives. We identify and discuss five core differences that have implications for theoretical and empirical research. We propose a classification that can be used by scholars in their research on understanding the evolution, performance and impact of producer cooperatives, and that can be used by policy makers in better targeting their support policies. Keywords: Cooperatives, agriculture, typology, transactions, governance, evolution, performance, impact. JEL Codes: L2, D23, Q13
Cooperative societies --- Agriculture --- Corporate governance --- Industrial efficiency
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This SpringerBrief reviews currently applied and potential solutions for improving the efficiency and quality of rural electricity supply in India, a major bottleneck for agricultural development. It provides background on the current state of supply and reviews recent and ongoing research and development projects. One selected project, designed and conducted by the authors, is outlined in detail. The research findings, project implementation, and evaluation are intended to provide development practitioners, policy makers, and applied researchers with experience from the field. At the core of this Brief is the integration of technical and social solutions, emphasizing the role of collective action, and the merits and demerits of small-scale, technically simple measures.
Agricultural Economics --- Business & Economics --- Irrigation efficiency --- Irrigation --- Water resources development --- Energy consumption --- Efficiency, Irrigation --- Energy development --- Natural resources --- Water-supply --- Water in agriculture --- Chemigation --- Irrigation farming --- Irrigation scheduling --- Irrigation water --- Water efficiency --- Agricultural economics. --- Project management. --- Social work. --- Environmental management. --- Agricultural Economics. --- Project Management. --- Energy Efficiency. --- Water Policy/Water Governance/Water Management. --- Social Work. --- Environmental Management. --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Benevolent institutions --- Philanthropy --- Relief stations (for the poor) --- Social service agencies --- Social welfare --- Social work --- Human services --- Industrial project management --- Agrarian question --- Agribusiness --- Agricultural economics --- Agricultural production economics --- Agriculture --- Production economics, Agricultural --- Land use, Rural --- Economic aspects --- Energy efficiency. --- Consumption of energy --- Energy efficiency --- Fuel consumption --- Fuel efficiency --- Power resources --- Energy conservation
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This SpringerBrief reviews currently applied and potential solutions for improving the efficiency and quality of rural electricity supply in India, a major bottleneck for agricultural development. It provides background on the current state of supply and reviews recent and ongoing research and development projects. One selected project, designed and conducted by the authors, is outlined in detail. The research findings, project implementation, and evaluation are intended to provide development practitioners, policy makers, and applied researchers with experience from the field. At the core of this Brief is the integration of technical and social solutions, emphasizing the role of collective action, and the merits and demerits of small-scale, technically simple measures.
Social welfare methods --- Economics --- Relation between energy and economics --- Electrical engineering --- Applied physical engineering --- Water supply. Water treatment. Water pollution --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Agronomy --- Organization theory --- Production management --- Civil engineering. Building industry --- energiebesparing --- sociaal werk --- duurzame energie --- waterbehandeling --- economie --- landbouwbeleid --- waterverontreiniging --- energie (technologie) --- milieubeleid --- projectmanagement --- India
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