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This book is a systematic attempt to address the issue of fossilization in relation to a fundamental question in second language acquisition research, which is: why are learners, adults in particular, unable to develop the level of competence they have aspired to in spite of continuous and sustained exposure to the target language, adequate motivation to learn, and sufficient opportunity to practice?

Fossilization (Linguistics) --- Second language acquisition --- Langue seconde --- Fossilisation (Linguistique) --- Acquisition --- Second language acquisition. --- Fossilized compound (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Second language learning --- Language acquisition --- SLA. --- competence in language learning. --- fossilization in SLA. --- fossilization in foreign language learning. --- fossilization in language learners. --- fossilization in second language acquisition. --- fossilization.

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Complexity (Linguistics) --- Language acquisition --- Language and languages --- Discourse analysis. --- Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) --- Education --- Study and teaching. --- Philosophy.

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Crosslinguistic influence is an established area of second language research, and as such, it has been subject to extensive scrutiny. Although the field has come a long way in understanding its general character, many issues still remain a conundrum, for example, why does transfer appear selective, and why does transfer never seem to go away for certain linguistic elements? Unlike most existing studies, which have focused on transfer at the surface form level, the present volume examines the relationship between thought and language, in particular thought as shaped by first language development and use, and its interaction with second language use. The chapters in this collection conceptually explore and empirically investigate the relevance of Slobin’s Thinking-for-Speaking Hypothesis to adult second language acquisition, offering compelling and enlightening evidence of the fundamental nature of crosslinguistic influence in adult second language acquisition.

Second language acquisition. --- Language and languages --- Psycholinguistics. --- Language and culture. --- Culture and language --- Culture --- Language, Psychology of --- Psychology of language --- Speech --- Linguistics --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Linguistic usage --- Usage, Linguistic --- Second language learning --- Language acquisition --- Usage. --- Psychological aspects --- Grammars --- L2 acquisition. --- SLA. --- Second Language Acquisition. --- Thinking-for-Speaking Hypothesis. --- crosslinguistic influence. --- foreign language learning. --- linguistic relativity. --- second language learning. --- second language use. --- transfer.

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This book assembles 11 analytical and empirical studies on the process of second language acquisition, probing a wide array of issues, from transfer appropriate processing to L2 default processing strategies, among hearing or deaf learners of a variety of target languages including English, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, French, Spanish, and American Sign Language. Although instruction per se is not the focus of this volume, the chapters are written with instructed learners in mind, and hence offer valuable insights for both second and foreign language researchers and practitioners.

Second language acquisition. --- Second language learning --- Language acquisition --- Second language acquisition --- L2 acquisition. --- L2. --- SLA. --- Second Language Acquisition. --- foreign language learning. --- instruction. --- language teaching. --- second language learning.