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Since 2009, China has been undertaking an ambitious program of health system reforms. Comprehensive reforms were defined in five priority areas: basic health insurance, health service delivery at grassroots level, essential public health service, an essential drugs program, and public hospital reform. After more than a decade of implementation, these reforms have led to notable achievements; however, challenges remain. The government of China tackled these health system challenges in its Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, the implementation of which was supported by a USD 600 million China Health Program-for-Results between 2018 and 2022. This was one of the first Program-for-Results financed by the World Bank in China and globally. Program-for-Results finances a subset of activities in a broader government program and uniquely links disbursement of funds directly to the achievement of specific program results rather than inputs as in traditional investment projects. In this Program-for-Results, there were three key results areas, aligned to the objectives of the government health reform program: (a) drawing on the reform model in successful pilots to deepen and mainstream comprehensive public hospital reforms; (b) strengthening primary health care services through establishing patient-centered integrated care; (c) addressing cross-cutting dimensions of the policy, institutional, and financial environment, such as information technology, to support the health reforms. This report showcases four case studies of innovations that summarize key lessons and experiences in the implementation of reforms under the Program-for-Results in the two provinces. The selected innovations are drawn across the three results areas of the Program-for-Results and shed light on tackling common health system challenges. The complexity of the health system in China and ambitious nature of its health system reforms combine to set the tone for the case studies, which provide opportunities for in-depth, multifaceted explorations of complex issues in the real-life health care settings.
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This is an open access book. It draws from relevant theories and approaches to teachers’ professional development (TPD) and innovative and inspiring TPD practices in higher education. It first lays a solid foundation for the rest of the book, through critiquing prevalent theories, approaches, and teaching competency frameworks guiding TPD in higher education, and defining the key concepts related to TPD. The book then develops a standard framework and assessment instrument of teaching competencies as well as ways of using this framework by institutions, departments at different levels, and individual teachers. It also proposes strategies for improving teachers’ teaching competencies by reviewing what has been achieved to date in TPD in terms of national-level policies and strategies, institutional-level interventions, and teachers’ self-directed professional development. Finally, it also presents case studies of typical practices in TPD in different countries.
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Metal oxides and particularly their nanostructures have emerged as an important class of materials with a rich spectrum of properties and great potential for device applications. In this book, contributions from leading experts emphasize basic physical properties, synthesis and processing, and the latest applications in such areas as energy, catalysis and data storage. Functional Metal Oxide Nanostructures is an essential reference for any materials scientist or engineer with an interest in metal oxides, and particularly in recent progress in defect physics, strain effects, solution-based synthesis, ionic conduction, and their applications. Addresses a hot area of electronic and magnetic materials Covers basic properties, synthesis, processing, and applications Focuses on nanoscale aspects of metal oxides Presents both recently developed theories and state-of-the-art applications
Electromagnetism. Ferromagnetism --- Electronics and optics of solids --- Chemical structure --- Chemistry --- Materials sciences --- Electrical engineering --- moleculen --- materiaalkennis --- nanotechniek --- chemie --- magnetisme --- atomen --- transistoren --- halfgeleiders
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Against the backdrop of the recent trend towards megaregional trade initiatives, this book addresses the most topical issues that lie at the intersection of law and technology. By assessing international law and political economy, the contributing authors offer an enhanced understanding of the challenges of diverging regulatory approaches to innovation. With contributions from leading scholars in the field, this book presents a collaborative effort to map out the new dynamics shaped by scientific and technological advances and corresponding regulatory approaches. Starting with the trend of regulatory cooperation, the book focuses on prominent fields in international trade, information technology, energy, and public health. The final section reflects upon the position of intellectual property rights, a key concern in cross-border trade. This work is the first of its kind to give a timely review and assessment of the most critical challenges facing policymakers and academics in the newest wave of transformation in global trade governance. The book will appeal to academics who are researching in international economic law, technology law and policy, and political science. Practitioners and policymakers who are active in the field of international trade will also find great value in this work.
International economic relations. --- Economic policy, Foreign --- Economic relations, Foreign --- Economics, International --- Foreign economic policy --- Foreign economic relations --- Interdependence of nations --- International economic policy --- International economics --- New international economic order --- Economic policy --- International relations --- Economic sanctions
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Electromagnetism. Ferromagnetism --- Electronics and optics of solids --- Chemical structure --- Chemistry --- Materials sciences --- Electrical engineering --- moleculen --- materiaalkennis --- nanotechniek --- chemie --- magnetisme --- atomen --- transistoren --- halfgeleiders
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"Without Professor Xiaoye Wang, Chinese competition law would not be in the shape it is today. Perhaps the key competition statute - the Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) - would not even have been enacted without her relentless efforts to push the competition law agenda in China. In 2018, we saw the tenth anniversary of the AML's entry into force, as well as Professor Wang's 70th birthday. It presents the ideal moment to take stock of what has been achieved in Chinese competition law over the past decade and to put the spotlight on Professor Wang's significant contributions. In this Liber Amicorum, many of Professor Wang's colleagues, friends, and admirers in China and around the world come together to celebrate Professor Wang's achievements to date and to discuss recent competition law developments in China and other timely topics"--
351.826 --- 351.777 --- 351.777 Wetgeving, reglementering i.v.m. milieubeheer, milieuhygiene, verontreiniging. Milieurecht. Milieuhygienerecht--zie ook {?502/504}; {?613/614}; {628} --- Wetgeving, reglementering i.v.m. milieubeheer, milieuhygiene, verontreiniging. Milieurecht. Milieuhygienerecht--zie ook {?502/504}; {?613/614}; {628} --- Antitrust law. --- Climate change mitigation. --- Sustainable development. --- Concurrence --- Climat --- Développement durable. --- Droit. --- Changements --- Atténuation. --- Antitrust law --- Climate change mitigation --- Sustainable development --- Concurrence - Droit --- Développement durable --- Atténuation.
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