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Over the last decade, techniques for materials preparation and processing at nanometer scale have advanced rapidly, leading to the introduction of novel principles for a new generation of sensors and detectors. At the same time, the chemical industry, transport and agriculture produce huge amounts of dangerous waste gases and liquids, leading to soil, air and water contamination. One more modern threat - international terrorism - demands that scientists make efforts to apply new principles and technologies to protect society against chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) attacks and to develop novel effective technologies for the remediation of large contaminated areas. Accordingly, the main goal of this book is to bring together experts (theorists, experimentalists, engineers and technologists) for an extensive discussion covering: novel principles for functional nanostructures and detector fabrication and implementation, the development of novel technologies for the deactivation of CBRN agents, their experimental realization and their application in novel monitoring and control systems, and technological processes for soil and water remediation, with a view to environmental protection and defence against CBRN-based terrorism. In keeping with the book’s main goal, the following topics are highlighted and discussed: - Sensors and detectors - detection of chemicals, principles of “artificial nose” and chemical “micro-lab on a chip” design, surface and underground water quality monitoring systems, molecular electronics, superconducting electronic devices, quantum detectors and Qubits. - Environmental protection and CBRN - detection of infrared, microwave, X-ray and terahertz radiation. Principles for novel IR-, UV-, and Terahertz-wave devices for the detection of low-contrast objects. - Novel technological processes for CBRN destruction and deactivation. All these topics are strongly interrelated, both with regard to fundamental aspects and to fabrication and implementation technologies; in addition, they are highly promising for application in novel functional devices, computer logics, sensing and detection of low-concentration chemicals, weak and extremely weak magnetic and microwave fields, infrared and ultraviolet radiation. Given its scope, the book will be a useful and interesting guide for a broad readership of engineers, scientists, PhD students and experts in the area of defence against environmental terrorism.

System safety. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Nanoscale science. --- Nanoscience. --- Nanostructures. --- Electronic circuits. --- Security Science and Technology. --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Nanoscale Science and Technology. --- Electronic Circuits and Devices. --- Electron-tube circuits --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes --- Electronics --- Nanoscience --- Physics --- Nano science --- Nanoscale science --- Nanosciences --- Science --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Safety, System --- Safety of systems --- Systems safety --- Accidents --- Industrial safety --- Systems engineering --- Measurement --- Monitoring --- Prevention --- Nanostructured materials

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The main intention of the editors of the book is the demonstration of the intrinsic correlation and mutual influence of three important components of nanoscience: new phenomena – nanomaterials – nanodevices. This is the organizing concept of the book. To discover new phenomena it is necessary to develop novel nanotechnological processes for fabrication of nanomaterials. Nanostructures and new phenomena serve as the base for the development of novel nanoelectronic devices and systems. The articles selected for the book illustrate this interrelation.

Nanoscience. --- Nanotechnology. --- Nanotechnology --- Nanoscience --- Materials Science --- Technology - General --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Nanostructured materials. --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- Nanomaterials --- Nanometer materials --- Nanophase materials --- Nanostructure controlled materials --- Nanostructure materials --- Ultra-fine microstructure materials --- Engineering. --- Nanochemistry. --- Electronics. --- Microelectronics. --- Nanotechnology and Microengineering. --- Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation. --- Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Methods. --- High technology --- Microminiature electronic equipment --- Microminiaturization (Electronics) --- Electronics --- Microtechnology --- Semiconductors --- Miniature electronic equipment --- Electrical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Nanoscale chemistry --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Microstructure --- Ceramics, Glass, Composites, Natural Materials. --- Analytical chemistry --- Ceramics. --- Glass. --- Composites (Materials). --- Composite materials. --- Composites (Materials) --- Multiphase materials --- Reinforced solids --- Solids, Reinforced --- Two phase materials --- Materials --- Amorphous substances --- Ceramics --- Glazing --- Ceramic technology --- Industrial ceramics --- Keramics --- Building materials --- Chemistry, Technical --- Clay

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Laser heterodyning is now a widespread optical technique, based on interference of two waves with slightly different frequencies within the sensitive area of a photo-detector. Its unique feature – preserving phase information about optical wave in the electrical signal of the photo-detector – finds numerous applications in various domains of applied optics and optoelectronics: in spectroscopy, polarimetry, radiometry, laser radars and Lidars, microscopy and other areas. The reader may be surprised by a variety of disciplines that this book covers and satisfied by detailed explanation of the phenomena. Very well illustrated, this book will be helpful for researches, postgraduates and students, working in applied optics.

Heterodyning (Electronics) --- Lasers --- Interference (Light) --- Laser interferometry --- Laser communication systems --- Laser spectroscopy --- Optical radar --- Applied Physics --- Electrical Engineering --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Lasers. --- Quantum optics. --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Physics. --- Microwaves. --- Optical engineering. --- Quantum Optics. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Microwaves, RF and Optical Engineering. --- Optics --- Photons --- Quantum theory --- Mechanical engineering --- Hertzian waves --- Electric waves --- Electromagnetic waves --- Geomagnetic micropulsations --- Radio waves --- Shortwave radio --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Photonics. --- New optics

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The main intention of the editors of the book is the demonstration of the intrinsic correlation and mutual influence of three important components of nanoscience: new phenomena - nanomaterials - nanodevices. This is the organizing concept of the book. To discover new phenomena it is necessary to develop novel nanotechnological processes for fabrication of nanomaterials. Nanostructures and new phenomena serve as the base for the development of novel nanoelectronic devices and systems. The articles selected for the book illustrate this interrelation.