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The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Knowledge Centre was commissioned by "Bestillerforum RHF" to undertake a rapid review of research on Psychoeducation for adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Methods We conducted a systematic search in nine medical, social sciences and health related databases to identify relevant research publications on adults with ADHD and psychoeducative treatment. The search was conducted in September 2016. Two researchers reviewed independently titles and abstracts found from the search against the inclusion criteria. We present information and comments about study population, intervention, outcomes, the authors own conclusions from the included articles. We have not critically appraised the articles. Results The search identified a total of 362 unique references. We assessed three studies as possibly relevant, all with few participants included. We found no possibly relevant systematic reviews. From these results it is not possible to draw any conclusions about the the effect of psychoeducation with or without concomitant pharmachological treatment for adults with ADHD. The scarce findings are insufficient for further in depth health technology assessement.

Patient education --- Evaluation.

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Norwegian studies imply that between 7 and 15 per cent of inpatients develop pressure ulcers. They develop more often in specific groups of patients, like patients with spinal cord injury, hip fracture and patients in intensive care. Pressure ulcers are areas of localized damage to the skin and underlying tissue, believed to be caused by pressure, shear force or friction. Pressure ulcers occur fast, and have been documented to develop within one hour. Age, immobility, inadequate nutrition, sensory deficiency, multiple comorbidities, reduced activity, circulatory abnormalities, and dehydration have been identified as some of the risk factors. We included seven systematic reviews on prevention of pressure ulcers published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in 2010 or later.1. Nutritional supplements consisting of both energy and protein probably make little or no difference in the reduction of the development of pressure ulcers in patients with poor nutritional status.2. Some mattresses probably reduce the development of pressure ulcers compared to standard foam hospital mattresses. Standard foam hospital mattresses are seldom described. The documentation identified is not sufficient for guiding a choice between various foam mattresses. There is a need for an overview of mattresses and pillows that could help the health services to make wise choices in the procurement process.3. Dressings applied over bony prominences may reduce the development of pressure ulcers.4. For several interventions there is uncertainty if they have effect, due to few studies. These interventions comprise repositioning, frequency of repositioning, other types of surfaces compared to alternating pressure, various risk assessment tools, and topical agents applied on bony prominences. Many interventions were evaluated in just one study. To obtain a more trustworthy result, it is necessary that the studies are repeated.

Bedsores --- Systematic reviews (Medical research) --- Prevention.

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Falls are the most common cause of injuries among the elderly in and outside of health institutions. Falls can have many negative consequences for the elderly. Between 10 and 20% of falls in nursing homes cause serious injuries. Effect of various interventions to prevent falls in institutions:1. Multifactorial interventions (interventions that consists of a number of various components like education of staff and offers of exercises to the patients) adapted to the institutions conditions probably reduce rate of fall in hospitals (e.g. number of falls in a person year, this captures that some persons fall multiple times).2. Multifactorial interventions compared to usual practice do possibly not influence the rate of falls, the number of fallers (persons who fall at least once) or hip fractures in care facilities.3. Vitamin D supplementation to patients with low levels of vitamin D in care facilities will probably reduce the rate of falls, but not the number of fallers.4. Use of risk assessment tools compared to nurses' judgment in care facilities probably result in small differences on the rate of falls or the number of fallers.5. The diagnostic accuracy of the STRATIFY rule is limited and should not be used in isolation for identifying individuals at high risk of falls in clinical practice. For several of other studied interventions there are large uncertainty about the results. We are uncertain if these interventions have an effect or not. We cannot conclude if the following interventions affect the rate of falls or the number of fallers; exercise, medication review, encourage adoption of best practice strategies, very low bed, fall prevention tool kit software, use of educational materials.

Falls (Accidents) --- Long-term care facilities --- Institutional care. --- Older people --- Prevention. --- Safety measures. --- Care.

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The number of patients in hospitals and rehabilitation institutions at any time is large, and a considerable number of them need to use a urinary catheter. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection may affect a large number of persons. The survey of prevalence of May 2015 from the Norwegian Institute of Public Health reported that 1.2 percent of patients in hospitals suffered from a urinary tract infection. We have systematically reviewed research on effect of interventions to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection. We identified seven systematic reviews of high methodological quality published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews after 2010, i.e. after the Patient Safety Campaign started. The reviews intended to review the effect of 41 different interventions. Only 15 interventions were studied, and five of these studies included less than 25 participants. When the intervention is only evaluated in one study, and with few participants, we have little confidence in the effect estimate. Most studies were published between 1979 and 1997; only four studies were published after 2010. One of these studies found that among patients who had antibiotic impregnated catheters, there was a small reduction in the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Whether this effect is clinically significant is unclear. We do not have sufficient documentation for other interventions intended to prevent catheter-related urinary tract infection. Several of the studies evaluated the effect of antibiotics, and even though antibiotics seem to prevent infections, the studies included very few participants or had methodological weaknesses that contribute to our very low confidence in the effect estimates. The Norwegian national guidelines for prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infection recommends that catheters impregnated with antibiotics should not be the first choice in Norwegian hospitals. Our report did not find evaluations of long term effects of antiseptic or antibiotic agents for preventing catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Antibiotic resistant bacteria is a problem, in Norway as well as internationally. This is important to keep in mind when applying these results. There is a need for research about prevention of catheter-related urinary tract infection.

Urinary tract infections --- Catheterization --- Prevention. --- Complications.

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Falls are the most common cause of injuries among the elderly in and outside of health institutions. Falls can have many negative consequences for the elderly. Between 10 and 20% of falls in nursing homes cause serious injuries. Effect of various interventions to prevent falls in institutions:1. Multifactorial interventions (interventions that consists of a number of various components like education of staff and offers of exercises to the patients) adapted to the institutions conditions probably reduce rate of fall in hospitals (e.g. number of falls in a person year, this captures that some persons fall multiple times).2. Multifactorial interventions compared to usual practice do possibly not influence the rate of falls, the number of fallers (persons who fall at least once) or hip fractures in care facilities.3. Vitamin D supplementation to patients with low levels of vitamin D in care facilities will probably reduce the rate of falls, but not the number of fallers.4. Use of risk assessment tools compared to nurses' judgment in care facilities probably result in small differences on the rate of falls or the number of fallers.5. The diagnostic accuracy of the STRATIFY rule is limited and should not be used in isolation for identifying individuals at high risk of falls in clinical practice. For several of other studied interventions there are large uncertainty about the results. We are uncertain if these interventions have an effect or not. We cannot conclude if the following interventions affect the rate of falls or the number of fallers; exercise, medication review, encourage adoption of best practice strategies, very low bed, fall prevention tool kit software, use of educational materials.

Falls (Accidents) --- Long-term care facilities --- Institutional care. --- Older people --- Prevention. --- Safety measures. --- Care.