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Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- Philosophy of science --- Science --- Philosophy --- Sciences --- Philosophie --- -Natural science --- Science of science --- Philosophy. --- -Philosophy --- Science. --- Normal science --- Histoire --- Science - Philosophy

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With the unusual clarity, distinctive and engaging style, and penetrating insight that have drawn such a wide range of readers to his work, Ian Hacking here offers his reflections on the philosophical uses of history. The focus of this volume, which collects both recent and now-classic essays, is the historical emergence of concepts and objects, through new uses of words and sentences in specific settings, and new patterns or styles of reasoning within those sentences. In its lucid and thoroughgoing look at the historical dimension of concepts, the book is at once a systematic formulation of Hacking’s approach and its relation to other types of intellectual history, and a valuable contribution to philosophical understanding. Hacking opens the volume with an extended meditation on the philosophical significance of history. The importance of Michel Foucault—for the development of this theme, and for Hacking’s own work in intellectual history—emerges in the following chapters, which place Hacking’s classic essays on Foucault within the wider context of general reflections on historical methodology. Against this background, Hacking then develops ideas about how language, styles of reasoning, and “psychological” phenomena figure in the articulation of concepts--and in the very prospect of doing philosophy as historical ontology.

History as a science --- Philosophy --- History --- Methodology --- Historicism --- Historicism. --- Methodology. --- Representation (Philosophy) --- Représentation (Philosophie) --- Historicisme --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Research --- Humanities Methodology --- History - Philosophy

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Twenty-five years ago one could list by name the tiny number of multiple personalities recorded in the history of Western medicine, but today hundreds of people receive treatment for dissociative disorders in every sizable town in North America. Clinicians, backed by a grassroots movement of patients and therapists, find child sexual abuse to be the primary cause of the illness, while critics accuse the “MPD” community of fostering false memories of childhood trauma. Here the distinguished philosopher Ian Hacking uses the MPD epidemic and its links with the contemporary concept of child abuse to scrutinize today’s moral and political climate, especially our power struggles about memory and our efforts to cope with psychological injuries.What is it like to suffer from multiple personality? Most diagnosed patients are women: why does gender matter? How does defining an illness affect the behavior of those who suffer from it? And, more generally, how do systems of knowledge about kinds of people interact with the people who are known about? Answering these and similar questions, Hacking explores the development of the modern multiple personality movement. He then turns to a fascinating series of historical vignettes about an earlier wave of multiples, people who were diagnosed as new ways of thinking about memory emerged, particularly in France, toward the end of the nineteenth century. Fervently occupied with the study of hypnotism, hysteria, sleepwalking, and fugue, scientists of this period aimed to take the soul away from the religious sphere. What better way to do this than to make memory a surrogate for the soul and then subject it to empirical investigation? Made possible by these nineteenth-century developments, the current outbreak of dissociative disorders is embedded in new political settings. Rewriting the Soul concludes with a powerful analysis linking historical and contemporary material in a fresh contribution to the archaeology of knowledge. As Foucault once identified a politics that centers on the body and another that classifies and organizes the human population, Hacking has now provided a masterful description of the politics of memory : the scientizing of the soul and the wounds it can receive.

Memory -- Social aspects. --- Multiple personality -- History. --- Multiple personality -- Philosophy. --- Multiple personality -- Social aspects. --- Soul -- Psychological aspects. --- Multiple personality --- Memory --- Soul --- Learning --- Dissociative Disorders --- Humanities --- Mental Processes --- Mental Disorders --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Philosophy --- Multiple Personality Disorder --- Psychiatry --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Psychiatric Disorders, Individual --- Social aspects --- History --- Psychological aspects --- Philosophy. --- Social aspects. --- History. --- Psychological aspects. --- Pneuma --- Alternating personality --- Consciousness, Multiple --- DID (Personality disorder) --- Dissociated personality --- Dissociative identity disorder --- Double consciousness --- Double personality --- Dual personality --- MPD (Personality disorder) --- Multiple consciousness --- Multiple identity disorder --- Multiple personalities --- Multiple personality disorder --- Personality, Multiple --- Split personality --- Retention (Psychology) --- -Multiple personality --- Dissociative disorders --- -Future life --- Future life --- Philosophical anthropology --- Theological anthropology --- Animism --- Spirit --- Intellect --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Comprehension --- Executive functions (Neuropsychology) --- Mnemonics --- Perseveration (Psychology) --- Reproduction (Psychology) --- Cognitive psychology --- Multiple Persönlichkeit --- Gedächtnis --- Seele --- Philosophie --- Humans --- Memory (Mental processes) --- Human beings

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Lost in the raging debate over the validity of social construction is the question of what, precisely, is being constructed. Facts, gender, quarks, reality? Is it a person? An object? An idea? A theory? Each entails a different notion of social construction, Ian Hacking reminds us. His book explores an array of examples to reveal the deep issues underlying contentious accounts of reality. Especially troublesome in this dispute is the status of the natural sciences, and this is where Hacking finds some of his most telling cases, from the conflict between biological and social approaches to mental illness to vying accounts of current research in sedimentary geology. He looks at the issue of child abuse - very much a reality, though the idea of child abuse is a social product. He also cautiously examines the ways in which advanced research on new weapons influences not the content but the form of science. In conclusion, Hacking comments on the "culture wars" in anthropology, in particular a spat between leading ethnographers over Hawaii and Captain Cook. Written with generosity and gentle wit by one of our most distinguished philosophers of science, this wise book brings a much needed measure of clarity to current arguments about the nature of knowledge.

Knowledge, Sociology of --- #VCV monografie 1999 --- Knowledge, Theory of (Sociology) --- Sociology of knowledge --- Knowledge, Sociology of. --- 316.75 --- Communication --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Public opinion --- Sociology --- Social epistemology --- 316.75 Kennissociologie. Ideologie --- Kennissociologie. Ideologie --- Philosophy of science --- Geografie --- Sociale en economische geografie --- Algemeen. --- Sociologie de la connaissance

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This 1983 book is a lively and clearly written introduction to the philosophy of natural science, organized around the central theme of scientific realism. It has two parts. 'Representing' deals with the different philosophical accounts of scientific objectivity and the reality of scientific entities. The views of Kuhn, Feyerabend, Lakatos, Putnam, van Fraassen, and others, are all considered. 'Intervening' presents the first sustained treatment of experimental science for many years and uses it to give a new direction to debates about realism. Hacking illustrates how experimentation often has a life independent of theory. He argues that although the philosophical problems of scientific realism can not be resolved when put in terms of theory alone, a sound philosophy of experiment provides compelling grounds for a realistic attitude. A great many scientific examples are described in both parts of the book, which also includes lucid expositions of recent high energy physics and a remarkable chapter on the microscope in cell biology.

Science --- Philosophy. --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- Philosophy of science --- Philosophy --- Sciences --- Philosophie --- Normal science --- Arts and Humanities --- Science - Philosophy