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This paper analyzes the macroeconomics of HIV/AIDS. The paper highlights that the mortality and morbidity associated with AIDS make it unlike most other types of sickness and disease. The paper describes the most common approaches used in accounting for growth in the context of an HIV/AIDS epidemic. The impact of HIV/AIDS on education and the accumulation of human capital is discussed. The paper also discusses the impact of HIV/AIDS on the public sector, and elaborates certain demographic events specific to the HIV/AIDS pandemic.

Macroeconomics --- Microeconomics --- Infectious diseases. Communicable diseases --- Developing countries --- AIDS (Disease) --- Sida --- Economic aspects --- Statistics. --- Aspect économique --- Statistiques --- Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes --- Epidemiologic Measurements --- Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral --- Population Characteristics --- Social Sciences --- Lentivirus Infections --- Slow Virus Diseases --- International Cooperation --- Financing, Organized --- Public Health --- Virus Diseases --- Economics --- Immune System Diseases --- Retroviridae Infections --- Internationality --- Health Care --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Sexually Transmitted Diseases --- Diseases --- Environment and Public Health --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- RNA Virus Infections --- Demography --- HIV Infections --- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome --- Developing Countries --- Financing, Government --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Communicable Diseases --- AA / International- internationaal --- 339.325.5 --- 351.2 --- Gezondheidszorg. --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling. --- Aspect économique --- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunological deficiency syndrome --- HIV infections --- Immunological deficiency syndromes --- Virus-induced immunosuppression --- Gezondheidszorg --- Openbare gezondheid. Milieubescherming. Milieuvervuiling --- economics --- statistics & numerical data --- E-books --- Accounting, Demographic --- Analyses, Demographic --- Analyses, Multiregional --- Analysis, Period --- Brass Technic --- Brass Technique --- Demographers --- Demographic Accounting --- Demographic Analysis --- Demographic Factor --- Demographic Factors --- Demographic Impact --- Demographic Impacts --- Demographic Survey --- Demographic Surveys --- Demographic and Health Surveys --- Demographics --- Demography, Historical --- Demography, Prehistoric --- Factor, Demographic --- Factors, Demographic --- Family Reconstitution --- Historical Demography --- Impact, Demographic --- Impacts, Demographic --- Multiregional Analysis --- Period Analysis --- Population Spatial Distribution --- Prehistoric Demography --- Reverse Survival Method --- Stable Population Method --- Survey, Demographic --- Surveys, Demographic --- Population Distribution --- Analyses, Period --- Analysis, Demographic --- Analysis, Multiregional --- Demographer --- Demographic Analyses --- Demographies, Historical --- Demographies, Prehistoric --- Distribution, Population --- Distribution, Population Spatial --- Distributions, Population --- Distributions, Population Spatial --- Family Reconstitutions --- Historical Demographies --- Method, Reverse Survival --- Method, Stable Population --- Methods, Reverse Survival --- Methods, Stable Population --- Multiregional Analyses --- Period Analyses --- Population Distributions --- Population Methods, Stable --- Population Spatial Distributions --- Prehistoric Demographies --- Reconstitution, Family --- Reconstitutions, Family --- Reverse Survival Methods --- Spatial Distribution, Population --- Spatial Distributions, Population --- Stable Population Methods --- Technic, Brass --- Technique, Brass --- Developing Nations --- Least Developed Countries --- Less-Developed Nations --- Third-World Nations --- Under-Developed Nations --- Less-Developed Countries --- Third-World Countries --- Under-Developed Countries --- Countries, Developing --- Countries, Least Developed --- Countries, Less-Developed --- Countries, Third-World --- Countries, Under-Developed --- Country, Developing --- Country, Least Developed --- Country, Less-Developed --- Country, Third-World --- Country, Under-Developed --- Developed Countries, Least --- Developed Country, Least --- Developing Country --- Developing Nation --- Least Developed Country --- Less Developed Countries --- Less Developed Nations --- Less-Developed Country --- Less-Developed Nation --- Nation, Less-Developed --- Nation, Third-World --- Nation, Under-Developed --- Nations, Developing --- Nations, Less-Developed --- Nations, Third-World --- Nations, Under-Developed --- Third World Countries --- Third World Nations --- Third-World Country --- Third-World Nation --- Under Developed Countries --- Under Developed Nations --- Under-Developed Country --- Under-Developed Nation --- Demographic --- Demographic and Health Survey --- LMICs --- Low Income Countries --- Low and Middle Income Countries --- Lower-Middle-Income Country --- Middle Income Countries --- Countries, Middle Income --- Country, Low Income --- Country, Lower-Middle-Income --- Country, Middle Income --- Low Income Country --- Lower Middle Income Country --- Lower-Middle-Income Countries --- Middle Income Country --- Labor --- Diseases: AIDS and HIV --- Health Policy --- Health Behavior --- Health: General --- Analysis of Health Care Markets --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Human Capital --- Skills --- Occupational Choice --- Labor Productivity --- Education: General --- HIV/AIDS --- Health economics --- Labour --- income economics --- Health systems & services --- Education --- HIV and AIDS --- Health --- Health care --- Personal income --- Human capital --- National accounts --- HIV --- Viruses --- Income --- Medical care --- Botswana --- Hiv and AIDS --- Hiv --- Hiv/AIDS --- Income economics

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The paper provides an analysis of the impact of HIV/AIDS on the health sector, public education, the supply of labor and the returns to training in nine Southern African countries. Drawing on the preceding sections, it assesses the impact of HIV/AIDS on per capita income in a neoclassical growth framework. HIV/AIDS affects per capita income mainly through its impact of human capital, as measured by the supply of experienced workers. Other factors include the impact on capital accumulation, on education, and on total factor productivity.

Macroeconomics --- Diseases: AIDS and HIV --- Health Policy --- Demography --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- National Government Expenditures and Education --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Health: General --- Education: General --- Health Behavior --- Analysis of Health Care Markets --- Labor Economics: General --- Demographic Economics: General --- HIV/AIDS --- Health economics --- Health systems & services --- Education --- Labour --- income economics --- Population & demography --- HIV and AIDS --- Health --- Health care --- Labor --- Population and demographics --- HIV --- Viruses --- Medical care --- Labor economics --- Population --- South Africa --- Hiv and AIDS --- Hiv --- Hiv/AIDS --- Income economics

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The paper provides an economic analysis of the impact of HIV/AIDS on the health sector i Southern Africa. It provides indicators for the scale of the impact, including estimates of tr. costs of various forms treatment. In anticipation of increasing numbers of patients with HIV/AIDS-related diseases, it is essential to expand the already strained health facilities ar to substantially increase the training of health personnel. While proposed reductions in the prices of antiretroviral therapies will considerably expand the range of those who can affor them, they will remain accessible to a minority of the population only.

AIDS (Disease) --- Social aspects. --- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunological deficiency syndrome --- HIV infections --- Immunological deficiency syndromes --- Virus-induced immunosuppression --- Public Finance --- Diseases: AIDS and HIV --- Health Policy --- National Government Expenditures and Health --- National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General --- Health: Government Policy --- Regulation --- Public Health --- Analysis of Health Care Markets --- Health Behavior --- Health: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Health systems & services --- HIV/AIDS --- Health economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Health care --- HIV and AIDS --- Health --- Health care spending --- Total expenditures --- Expenditure --- Medical care --- HIV --- Viruses --- Expenditures, Public --- South Africa --- Hiv and AIDS --- Hiv --- Hiv/AIDS

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HIV/AIDS continues to take a tremendous toll on the populations of many countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In some countries with high HIV prevalence rates, life expectancy has declined by more than a decade and in a few cases by more than two decades. Even in countries with HIV prevalence of around 5 percent (close to the average for sub-Saharan Africa), the epidemic can reverse gains in life expectancy and other health outcomes achieved over one or two decades.This volume highlights work conducted under the umbrella of a World Bank work program on "The Fiscal Dimension of HIV/AIDS,

AIDS (Disease) --- HIV infections --- Economic aspects --- Government policy --- Finance. --- HIV (Viruses) infections --- HTLV-III infections --- HTLV-III-LAV infections --- Human T-lymphotropic virus III infections --- Acquired immune deficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome --- Acquired immunological deficiency syndrome --- Lentivirus infections --- Sexually transmitted diseases --- Immunological deficiency syndromes --- Virus-induced immunosuppression

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The paper evaluates the impact of HIV/AIDS on welfare in several countries affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Unlike studies focusing on the impact of HIV/AIDS on GDP per capita, we evaluate the impact of increased mortality using estimates of the value of statistical life. Our results illustrate the catastrophic impact of HIV/AIDS in the worst-affected countries and suggest that studies focusing on GDP and income per capita capture only a very small proportion of the welfare impact of HIV/AIDS.

Macroeconomics --- Diseases: AIDS and HIV --- Demography --- Health: General --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- General Welfare --- Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income and Wealth: Africa --- Oceania --- Economic Development: General --- Health Behavior --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Demographic Economics: General --- HIV/AIDS --- Health economics --- Population & demography --- HIV and AIDS --- Health --- Personal income --- Aging --- Population and demographics --- National accounts --- HIV --- Viruses --- Income --- Population aging --- Population --- South Africa --- Hiv and AIDS --- Hiv --- Hiv/AIDS