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EUROPE --- ALPES --- TRANSPORTS --- PYRENEES --- EUROPE --- ALPES --- TRANSPORTS --- PYRENEES

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AVIATION --- DIRIGEABLES --- AVIATION --- DIRIGEABLES

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This paper sheds light on an implicit dimension of the climate policy debate: the extent to which supply-side response (emission-reducing energy technologies) may substitute for the transformation of consumption behavior and thus help get around the political difficulties surrounding such behavioral transformation. The paper performs a meta-review of long-term energy forecasts since the end of the 1960s in order to put in perspective the controversies around technological optimism about the potential for cheap, large-scale, carbon-free energy production. This retrospective analysis encompasses 116 scenarios conducted over 36 years and analyzes their predictions for a) fossil fuels, b) nuclear energy, and c) renewable energy. The analysis demonstrates how the predicted relative shares of these three types of energy have evolved since 1970, for two cases: a) predicted shares in 2010, which shows how the initial outlooks for the 2000-2010 period have been revised as a function of observed trends; and b) predicted shares for t+30, which shows how these revisions have affected medium-term prospects. The analysis shows a decrease, since 1970, in technological optimism about switching away from fossil fuels; this decrease is unsurprisingly correlated with a decline in modelers' beliefs in the suitability of nuclear energy. But, after a trend of increasing optimism, a declining trend also characterizes renewable energies in the 1980s and 1990s before a slight revival of technological optimism about renewables in the aftermath of Kyoto.

Biomass --- Climate change --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Climate change Policy --- Coal --- Emission --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Demand --- Energy production --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Energy sources --- Energy supply --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Fossil --- Fossil fuels --- Free energy --- Gas --- Generation --- Nuclear energy --- Oil --- Primary energy --- Primary energy supply --- Renewable energies --- Renewable energy --- Wind

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Ce rapport aborde la question de la preservation de l'information numerique sous les angles technologique, strategique et societal. Il analyse les questions suivantes : strategies en activite, analyse technique et technologique des supports d'information, evaluation quantitative, strategie passive, conclusion et recommandations.

Electronic filing systems --- Computer network resources --- Computer storage devices --- Digital preservation --- Optical storage devices --- Archivage électronique --- Information électronique --- Ordinateurs --- Numérisation --- Preservation --- Mémoires --- Mémoires optiques --- Conservation --- Archivage electronique --- Information electronique --- Numerisation --- Memoires --- Memoires optiques --- Protection --- Informatique Informatica --- Traitement de l'information Informatieverwerking --- Technologie de l'information Informatietechnologie --- Matériel informatique Hardware --- Traitement de l'information --- Technologie de l'information --- BPB1101 --- Informatique documentaire --- 930.25:681.3 --- Informatieverwerking --- Informatietechnologie --- Informatie en documentatie --- Archiefwetenschap. Archivistiek-:-Computerwetenschap --- 930.25:681.3 Archiefwetenschap. Archivistiek-:-Computerwetenschap --- Archivage électronique --- Information électronique --- Numérisation --- Mémoires --- Mémoires optiques --- Protection. --- przechowywanie i wyszukiwanie informacji --- information storage and retrieval --- складиштење и тражење података --- informática documental --- informacijos laikymas ir paieška --- πληροφορική της τεκμηρίωσης --- електронско чување и пребарување податоци --- dokumentarisk datamatik --- dokumentbehandling --- informatie en documentatie --- informācijas uzkrāšana un izguve --- uchovanie a vyhľadávanie informácií --- документална информатика --- tiedon tallennus ja haku --- dokumentacijska obdelava podatkov --- obrada dokumentacijskih podataka --- stocarea și regăsirea informației --- dokumentarische Datenverarbeitung --- ukládání a vyhledávání informací --- informatikë dokumentimi --- számítógépes dokumentáció --- info salvestamine ja otsing --- informatica documentaria --- ħżin u aċċess għall-informazzjoni --- documentación informatizada --- documentazione informatizzata --- systém automatické dokumentace --- automatický dokumentační systém --- kompiuterizuotoji dokumentavimo sistema --- uchovávání informací --- datorizēta dokumentācijas sistēma --- računalno podržana dokumentacija --- documentación automatizada --- automatizirana dokumentacija --- computerised documentation system --- ukládání informací --- automatiserad dokumentbehandling --- automatická dokumentace --- selekce informací --- počítačová dokumentace --- arvutipõhine dokumenteerimissüsteem --- sistem i kompjuterizuar dokumentimi --- tietokoneistettu asiakirjajärjestelmä --- documentation automatisée --- documentação automatizada --- kompjutorizirana dokumentacija --- αυτοματοποίηση της τεκμηρίωσης --- rechnergestützte Dokumentation --- počítačový dokumentačný systém --- documentare informatizată --- automatisierte Dokumentation --- elektronická dokumentace --- ukládání a vyhledávání dat --- geautomatiseerde documentatie --- automatické zpracování informací --- vyhledávání informací --- Informationstechnologie --- informaatioteknologia --- teknologjia e informacionit --- infotehnoloogia --- tecnología de la información --- informatietechnologie --- tecnologia da informação --- informačná technológia --- информационна технология --- informationsteknologi --- information technology --- teknoloġija tal-informazzjoni --- informācijas tehnoloģija --- informační technologie --- tehnologia informației --- információtechnológia --- информатичка технологија --- информациона технологија --- informationsteknik --- τεχνολογία των πληροφοριών --- technologia informacyjna --- informacinė technologija --- tecnologia dell'informazione --- informacijska tehnologija --- sidetehnoloogia --- communications technology --- teknologji komunikacioni --- Kommunikationstechnologie --- Information and communication technologies --- technologie de la communication --- výpočetní technika --- komunikačná technológia --- komunikācijas tehnoloģijas --- informacijos technologija --- tehnologia comunicațiilor --- komunikační technologie --- technique de l'information --- ryšių priemonių technologija --- телекомуникациска технологија --- επικοινωνιακή τεχνολογία --- tecnologia da comunicação --- комуникациска технологија --- viestintäteknologia --- ICT --- tecnologia delle telecomunicazioni --- tecnologia delle comunicazioni --- informační technika --- tecnología de la comunicación --- obavijesna tehnologija --- kommunikationsteknologi --- communicatietechnologie --- τεχνική των πληροφοριών --- információs technológia --- przetwarzanie informacji --- përpunimi ë informacionit --- infotöötlus --- information processing --- spracovanie informácií --- zpracování informací --- информационна обработка --- információfeldolgozás --- proċessar tal-informazzjoni --- tiedonkäsittely --- informācijas apstrāde --- obrada informacija --- elaborazione delle informazioni --- procesare informații --- informationsbehandling --- Informationsverarbeitung --- обработка на информации --- obdelava informacij --- επεξεργασία πληροφοριών --- tratamiento de la información --- informatieverwerking --- tratamento da informação --- informacijos apdorojimas --- обрада информација --- obrada obavijesti --- automatisierte Informationsverarbeitung --- automatisk informationsbehandling --- prelucrare informații --- automatische informatieverwerking --- információkezelés --- elektronisk informationsbehandling --- tratamento computorizado --- trasferimento delle informazioni su elaboratore --- trattamento elettronico del calcolatore --- rechnergestützte Informationsverarbeitung --- trattamento automatico dell'informazione --- stóráil agus aisghabháil sonraí --- teicneolaíocht faisnéise --- próiseáil faisnéise