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Pension reform is a key policy challenge in Russia. This paper examines how pension spending could increase in Russia in the absence of reforms, quantifies the impact of some recent proposals, and suggests some alternatives that would ensure public pension benefits - relative to wages - not fall from current levels while containing spending.

Business & Economics --- Labor & Workers' Economics --- Pension trusts --- Pensions --- Government policy --- Compensation --- Pension plans --- Retirement pensions --- Superannuation --- Employee pension trusts --- Pension funds --- Retirement income --- Annuities --- Social security individual investment accounts --- Vested benefits --- Trusts and trustees --- E-books --- Labor --- Public Finance --- Demography --- Fiscal Policy --- Social Security and Public Pensions --- Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts --- Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits --- Private Pensions --- Economics of the Elderly --- Economics of the Handicapped --- Non-labor Market Discrimination --- Retirement --- Retirement Policies --- Health: General --- Population & demography --- Labour --- income economics --- Health economics --- Pension spending --- Aging --- Pension reform --- Expenditure --- Population and demographics --- Health --- Population aging --- Russian Federation --- Income economics